Why Preschool Matters My Life - 1650 Words

Why Preschool Matters My older daughter started preschool when she was two years old. It was a memorable day because she had a hard time being separated from me. She was crying when I left her at school. She was a little bit shy and feared playing with other children. I also had a hard time, and I felt very bad too because she had never separated from me since she was born. I started to think about whether it was necessary to put her in the preschool, and was the preschool suitable for her? I thought she might be happier if she stayed home with me until she was old enough. I had been confusing for quite a long time. Two years after her first day of preschool, now I have the answer. Now she is four years old and is not crying anymore and makes lots of friends at school. She always tells me that she loves to go to school, and school is her favorite place because she has lots of fun with her friends. Obviously, she grows a lot in school. Unfortunately, there are still a number of children who do not go to p reschool because of various reasons; for example, some parents believe that preschool is not necessary for their children, and home is much better than preschool. Furthermore, some people complain that public preschools provide poor quality for children, and the private preschools are so expensive and not affordable. Preschool truly matters for young children. Going to preschool is good for children because it helps with brain development, learning, and it assists low-Show MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Education Is The Potential For Many Significant Outcomes1460 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant outcomes if universal preschools were put into place. Early childhood education has many benefits and there is the potential for many significant outcomes if universal preschools were put into place. Some feel that children who start kindergarten without previously attended preschool sometimes lack certain skills such as social and communication skills and an inability to follow routines. There were also studies done that found attending preschool could help to close the achievementRead MoreShould the Government Fund Public Preschools?1739 Words   |  7 Pagesnation. What happens though when this is not the future for all children? The problem at hand is not all children are receiving the same educational opportunities. Not all children graduate from high school and not all lead successful careers as adults. Why is this the outcome for some and not others? One main reason behind students not being successful later in school is related to the readiness of the child when they enter school. â€Å"Evidence suggests that children’s academic skills at school entry areRead MorePreschool and the Role and Value of Play Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s preschool culture, the role and value of play is very important for children; a rich environment filled with playmates, opportunities to learn how to share, take turns, self-regulate, and make life-long friends only scratches the surface of why play is central for children’s development. Parents aren’t seeing what is happening: what they see as random play is actually being utilized to help the child grow socially, emotionally, and physically. Parents believe that children should be spendingRead MoreWriting : The Development Of Writing1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe development of writing begins as early as we learn how to write letters in preschool or kinderga rten. Writing grows as we learn to read and write throughout our school days and beyond. Everyone has a unique story of his or her writing experiences; some have horrible experience, while others may have mentors that inspired them. One’s history, experiences, issues and the process of writing, all plays into how I, myself progress in writing. Many years have passed sense learning to write, thatRead MoreMy Childhood Memories Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesFor the first two planes of my development, the majority of my memories are fighting with my parents and siblings. I have never really gotten along with my family and I don’t know why. I guess it’s because my mother’s and personalities are too similar and they clash.There have been lots of crucial things in my life that have made me into the person that I am today. Not all of them have been great, or something that I want to remember, but some are great and I never want to forget them. The fact thatRead MoreSocial Provisions Of Real And Imaginary Relationships1253 Words   |  6 Pagesothers† (Gleason, 980). A imaginary relationship would not meet this specific criteria. Adults wouldn’t neccesarily have an imaginary companion, but would have imaginary conversations with real people or day dream about imaginary people (Gleason, 980) . In my opinion, one positive of imaginary companions would be that, â€Å"children performing both sides of a relationship might require a them to imagine the feelings, thoughts and actions of the self and the partner in ways that are consistent with and restrictedRead MoreLiteracy Is The Key Structure Of Communication, And Communication1468 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout life, there are many developmental skills that one must learn to be successful. Literacy is one of them. Literacy is the ability to read and write, and without either one of them our world would fail. It’s the overall structure of communication, and communication is something that dominates our lifestyle today. Literacy can be met through other things besides reading and authorship. It can be found in newspapers, books, television sources and so much more. It is vital to understand literacyRead MoreMy First Language Is A Treasure That Will Follow Its Owner Everywhere Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagesisn t my first language; my first language is Spanish. I had that fire in my heart to learn to read and write in English so I can succeed in this amazing country I and my family immigrated too. My Journey to become literate in reading and writing was tough, and there were times I wanted to give up and go back to Mexico. It challenged me from preschool all the way to the fourth grade. To this day i am still advancing in my skills of literacy. With the proper mindset of working hard, keeping my attitudeRead MoreLiteracy : An Important Skills For A Child1339 Words   |  6 Pagesread and write is needed in most people s daily life, which is why it is so important for a child to learn these skills while they are young. Everyone s literacy journeys are a little different, but here is my literacy journey. All throughout my life literacy has played a huge role in my life, even when I didn t notice it. During my early literacy years, one of my first reading memories was when I was around three or four years old. Every night my mom would take time out of her day to read meRead MoreTheory of Cognitive Development and Children1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe dramatic play area in my classroom is always one of the most busy areas of the room. The children love to role-play and create imaginary games. According to Piaget, such symbol use is also evident in the emergence of language and in the preschoolers primitive ability to understand scale models or simple maps. Dramatic play gives the children the chance to role-play. If they work through situations in their classroom, they ll be better prepared for real-life scenarios. Through role-playing

The United States Government Spending - 2326 Words

The United States Government Spending It is clear that the relationship between the spending policy and the tax policy has dramatically changed over the past hundred years. It has been noticed that the Democratic Party proposals show that increases in spending or cut taxes have been paid with new revenue sources or by offsetting spending reductions (Hungerford 1). For the Republican Party on the other side, tax and spending decisions tend to show more favoritism for isolation from one other and with little regard to any impact on deficits and federal debts (Hungerford 1). Republicans pay for tax cuts and spending increases with more of financed sources undergone during Republican administrations (Hungerford 1). With these Democratic and Republican ways of dealing with spending increases and tax cuts, many problems arise because, while the federal government is projected to run deficits further into the future, the U.S economy is more focused on generating considerable amounts of inc ome growth far into the future. This is just another way of saying that the real fiscal challenge in all of this is the political problem that arises from raising revenues that are sufficient to meet the population’s spending needs (Hungerford 2). The authority of Congress to raise revenue â€Å"to pay the debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States† that comes from the Constitution Article I Section 8 is one that really needs careful handling asShow MoreRelatedWhat Really Caused the Recession in the United States in the 1980s1494 Words   |  6 PagesWhat really caused the recession in the United States in the 1980s? There was a great economic decline in the late 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s where there was a decline in trade and industrial activity. The 1980s was not a good time for the United States because the Regan Administration during this period began a 30-year period of financial deregulation. When president Regan was elected into office he promised the Americans that he would bring to an end the supply- sides economics. HeRead MoreEssay on Government Spending, Deficits, and Keynesian Economics1236 Words   |  5 PagesA growing government is opposite to America’s economic interests because the various methods of financing a government - taxes, borrowing, and printing money have harmful effects upon the economy. There are many reasons why there is a high deficit in the United States such as extensive spending. This is true because government spending is often economically destructive, regardless of how it is financed. There are many causes of the steady growth in U.S. trade deficits. There are many people are againstRead MoreThe Role of Finance in Economics Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesNo Works Cited Finance is a branch of economics concerned with providing funds to individuals, businesses, and governments. Finance allows these entities to use credit instead of cash to purchase goods and invest in projects. For example, an individual can borrow money from a bank to buy a home or an industrial firm can raise money through investors to build a new factory. Governments can issue bonds to raise money for projects. Finance plays an important role in the economy. As banks, creditRead MoreThe Total Budget Of The United States Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe total budget of the United States is $4.1 trillion. This accrues for two-thirds of the total spending budget. $1.14 trillion (33%) is spent on institutions such as Social Security, Labor, and Unemployment. $1.03 trillion (27%) is spent on Medicare and Health. $586.6 billion (16%) is spent on military. Veterans benefits, food and agriculture, transportation, housing, education make up the remaining 44% of the total budget. The discretionary budget is the portion of the the federal budget thatRead MoreHealth Care Spending1686 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Spending HCS 440 Health Care Spending Health care spending in the United States is a key contributor to the countrys economy. The health care industry provides employment as well as providing services that bring healthier lifestyles, better productivity, and a longer life. Health care also brings the development of new drugs and new medical technology that also helps keep the economy employed. However, although the health care and health care spending does tend to help the economyRead MoreAre We Spending Too Much On The Military?1613 Words   |  7 PagesAre We Spending Too Much on the Military? As citizens of the United States of America we must pay taxes to the government. The government takes these taxes and distributes them among different areas to fund each are; one of the highest percentages of spending goes to defense. The whopping amount of around 610 billion dollars makes the United States’ military the largest in the world, so large that its funding out-weighs the next seven highest spending countries. The problem with this is that theRead MoreShort And Long Term Effects Of Deficit Spending863 Words   |  4 Pagesof deficit spending, including how it is used correctly and others used incorrectly. Other area will be relating to the advantages and disadvantages of deficit spending from a bigger picture instead of smaller things to look for. Another part of discussion within this essay will be the crowding-out effect; including the layout of the definition and also understanding in simplest terms for the report. Last area will include the discussion of short and long term effects of deficit spending. Various businessesRead MoreBudget Wars : Debt And Sequestration1029 Words   |  5 PagesBetts Budget Wars 7/26/2015 Debt and Sequestration in the United States The United States has adopted a persona of uncontrollable spending policies, and short term solutions. As the spending trajectory continues in a downward spiral, fueled by unsustainable policies, and current tax revenues, the national debt continues to grow. For many years, the United States has implemented policies that failed to address mandatory spending costs, which, unfortunately continue to outpace the national economyRead MoreWelfare Of The United States Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare in the United States began in the 1800’s when the colonies imported British Poor Laws. Before the Great Depression began in America, the government was already supporting certain programs such as the Civil War Pension Program was that passed in 1862 that gave aid to Civil War Veterans and their families. Once the Great Depression hit, unemployment rose and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, enacted the Social Security Act in 1935. The act formed a number of programs that provided ai d to a widerRead MoreFensive Cost Of Defense855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Offensive Cost of Defense The United States spends far more than any other country on defense and security with no end in sight to their expenditures. The total military spending by the United States is nearly equal to the combined military spending of every other nation combined. This unreasonable amount of spending hinders the capacity to provide basic needs, as well as eliminating money that can be used to resolve other domestic issues, while at the same time allowing for short-term economic

Inclusion - Both Practice and Educational Philosophy

Definition Inclusion is both a practice and a basic underpinning of modern educational philosophy. A Practice The practice of inclusion in public schools is based on the legal concept of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) When Congress passed PL94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, it was in response to the findings of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1971 in PARC (Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens) vs. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The decision stated that children with handicaps were protected under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Least Restrictive Environment has come to be known, through legal challenges and due process, as that educational experience that is most like that received by non-disabled students. Districts (the Local Education Authority) are expected to offer a full spectrum of placements in the best interest of children, from full inclusion, which means receiving all instruction in the general education setting, to residential treatment,when it is in the best interest of the child, and all alternate levels of restriction have been exhausted.   It also requires that students with disabilities attend schools in their neighborhood, rather than in special schools.   Most students receive support and services in something between the two extremes, as for students with significant academic challenges, they often do the best when they receive explicit instruction in the resource room, where the difference in their skills and their need to focus are not compromised by active students.  Ã‚   The amount of time spent in a special education setting needs to be designated in their IEP, as well as being justified there. Inclusion as a Philosophy Inclusion is also an educational philosophy. Supported by research, it fosters belief that children with disabilities do better in general education settings with typically developing peers. It also advances the understanding, also supported by research, that best practices in special education, especially differentiation, provide the most success for general education as well as special education students. Unlike mainstreaming which proposed to stick students qualifying for special education in general educations to sink or swim, inclusion holds that students of broadly differing abilities can succeed with appropriate support. Although integration is sometimes used interchangeably with inclusion, it is more generally understood as the effort to bring minorities, English Language Learners and new immigrants from diverse populations, into local educational communities, and the practices that best foster smooth integration into social and cultural groups.   Certainly, good teaching is good teaching, and strategies that help integrate English Language Learners also supports students with specific learning disabilities in building and enriching language development.    Pronunciation: in-kloo-shun Also Known As: integration, inclusional (in Canada and England) Examples: The Rye, New Jersey school district has clearly demonstrated its commitment to inclusion by hiring and training extra special education teachers to co-teach in middle school and high school classrooms with general education teachers.

cold war Essay - 2040 Words

The cold War The Cold War was a response to the perceived threat by the United States that Communism would interfere with national security and economic stakes in the world. It was a perceived threat by communist countries that the United States would take to the world. During the Cold War, the United States, Russia, and other countries made efforts to avoid another world war, while warring in proxy in other lands. The devastation caused by the hydrogen bombs exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the next technological advancements became only deterrents to the public. Governments had their own agenda which would result in worsening the strain between nations. The United States hid behind a curtain of nationalism resulting in increased†¦show more content†¦Leffler stated that â€Å"they were worried that the Kremlin might exploit these weaknesses to alter the balance of power†¦ so they harnessed the economic principles of the open door to the national security interests of the Uni ted States. (Heilbrunn) Leffler describes the Cold War in this way: â€Å"†¦neither the Americans nor the Soviets sought to harm the other in 1945†¦ The protests that each country’s actions evoked from the other fueled the cycle of distrust as neither could comprehend the fears of the other, perceiving its own actions as defensive. Herein rests the classic security dilemma†¦ U.S. officials†¦ chose to contain and deter the Russians rather than to reassure and placate them, thereby accentuating possibilities for a spiraling cycle of mistrust.† (Heilbrunn) In 1947, Ernest Bevin, British foreign secretary, â€Å"believed it essential to construct a defensive military alliance in Western Europe; and in December of that year he proposed to George C. Marshall an alliance that would guarantee Western European security and prevent further Soviet aggrandizement.† (Heilbrunn) This proposal was realized in the North Atlantic Treaty and the establishment of NATO in 1949. Only an alliance such as this would halt Soviet infiltration and the gradual collapse of one western wall after another. According to Heilbrunn, the Soviet military buildup started after 1945. By 1950 American intelligence estimates suggested that the SovietsShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Col d War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Truman has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout the world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wan tedRead MoreThe Cold War1676 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Context: The Cold War started by the end of the Second World War. The aim of this war was to spread opposing ideologies of Capitalism and Communism by the two world superpowers without the result of a hot war. The war was between the Capitalist West - namely: the United States of America, Britain and France – and Communist East – known to be Russia and all the satellite states which communism had taken over. An agreement made at the Yalta meeting of 1945 was that Germany would be dividedRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated JewsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated JewsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1253 Words   |  6 PagesFor almost 15 years the U.S. has been in a constant state of war. Various terrorist organizations, from al-Quade, to the Taliban, and now Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have maintained our focus so much so that we have almost forgotten about prior threats. Ten years prior to the start of the conflict in the Middle East, the Cold War had officially concluded, ending almost 45 years of server political and military tensions between the U.S. and Russian following WWII. During thi s period ofRead MoreThe Cold War1537 Words   |  7 Pagesseem and that every mental event in life its self can be perceived and interpreted many ways which are all true for each of the participants but not as a truth for all. This fed the cold war paranoia that even your next-door neighbor would be a communist. With the impending insanity of the M.A.D. policies of the cold war cultivated a nationwide paranoia that was brought out in many films like Dr. Strange-Love. In 1967 Theodore J. Flicker wrote and produced The President s Analyst which presents theRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2250 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the year 1945, there were quite a few reasons for the start of the Cold War. Hysteria was one of the major catalysts towards the start of the Cold War. Many American citizens shared the extensive fear of communist attacks against America, while the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) feared the same from the Americans. Another reason being that the United Stat es wouldn’t share their advances in the study of nuclear fission due to the USSR’s aim of spreading world communism. The USSRRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet War911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War began at the resolution of WWII and continued into the 1990’s. The Cold War was fueled by many factors such as ideological differences, mutual mistrust, America’s fear of the spread of communism, and nuclear weapons. The war ultimately resulted in the collapse of communism. The war was supported by allied nations although the main instigators of the war were Russia and the United States. A major short term factor that lead to the Cold War was USSR’s fear of America’s newly acquired

The Reflective Manager Free Essays

string(33) " reflection has been discovered\." The Reflective Manager Abstract Reflection and the effect of its application in relation to organization learning have attracted a growing attention. It is recognized that reflection is the vital content for either individuals or organizations learning process. It is believed that reflection is a very important component to accomplish successful working behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reflective Manager or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, reflection is the crucial practice in the process of exploiting learning organizations. In this report, the concepts of reflection and critical reflection will be discussed and the reflection in practice within organizations will be investigated as well. In addition, the emphasis of the article is the application of reflection and reflection practice on organizations. The objective of the report is to evaluate the application of reflection theory and to research what is the impact of practicing reflection on organizations. Keywords: Reflection, critical reflection, organization learning, working behavior, reflection practice Introduction More and more people nowadays pay their interest in the application reflection and critical reflection in an organization. The concepts of reflection and critical reflection are not specific but there are no common and recognized definition for reflection and critically reflection. Based on the purpose of investigation how reflection and practice reflection affect and enhance organizational activities and performance, reflection many general defined as the learning theories involve a review of one’s experience and an analysis of thinking and action while the description of critical reflection in accordance with recognizing one’s self objective and interests and learning about assumptions, background and performance enhanced oriented actions. As early as in 1983, Schon firstly brought the concept of reflection into the professional area and gave the definition of reflective practice said the application of knowledge to practice with the consideration of self-experiences. Reflection acts the most important role in converting one’s experience into knowledge according to Kolb’s research on experiential learning (Kolb, 1984). Reynolds pointed out in 1998 that form that time on, reflection was deemed to be the essential part in the process individual and organization learning, particularly when with reference to learning as exploitation rather than deriving information. The difference between information and knowledge is that knowledge is integrated information with experience, judgment and skills. Reflection persistently turns out as a recommended method of assisting individuals and organizations know better about what they do and understand in practice of the knowledge that learned from practice (Loughran, 2002). Reflective practice is a vital element of lots of occupations courses while the critical reflection currently becomes a pivotal component of lots of graduate managerial degrees (Swan, Bailey, 2004). Cunliffe stated that managers can exploit more cooperative, reliable moral approaches of management by more critically considering about their conception and action or in another words more critically reflection. It is believed that critical reflection is focused on more interest. The beginning of theory of critical reflection is developed by Jurgen in 1972. In 1999, Brooks stated that critical reflection benefits in enhancing work practices, assessing organizational objectives and policies. He pointed that the basic ability of critical reflection is to critically ask questions. The measurement of whether critical reflection benefit to working practice is a practical approach of evaluating the contribution of critical reflection. A means raised by Argyris and Schon that called double-loop learning offers such evaluation. It can be concluded by questioning critically, sating an opinion and requesting feedback from one’s audience, trying with new working approaches and action and taking new viewpoints. The contemporary collaborative has existed as the crucial way of working relations and acted as the major role in establishing society institution. The corporation between companies has reduced the influence of state, family residential and moral community in order to accomplish a dominant position. The growing influence of Commercial Corporation has restrained the conflicts among different institutional requirement. The practice of commercial corporation suffuse current life by offering individual identity, organizing experience and time, impacting knowledge creation and education and supervising news creation and recreation. Some authors argue that the influence of management on people’s lives and the impact in forming ethic, economic and environmental restrictions is generally too significant for their actions to be directed by a limited, helpful shape of justifiability (Alvesson and Willmott, 1992). Critical refection insists on facing the hided interests and ideologies and on exploring objectives of questions that contribute to message management thinking and activities. Critical reflection objects to the kinds of conceptions that cultivate the logical necessary of authoritarianism in organizations, the unchallenged value added to gain of economic and the conservation of unfair in treasure and right. Critical reflection challenges compliance to the concepts like unavoidable cost of improvement, general knowledge or reality argued by Collins in 1991. Education originations and individuals that deliberately retain ethically pauperized courses for managers as meriting of defiance and acting in contravention of ones’ self-interests should be criticized and noticed (Reed, Anthony, 1992). Reed and Antony insist that managerial teachers and organizations should encourage mangers to foster the awareness of difficulties that they encountered so as to help them be conscious of self-significance and self-responsibility. Mangers have to be stimulated to consider the uncontrollable sophistication that confronts them without colorable help of skills and objectives. The objective of reflection concerns with the investigation of impact of political and civilizational processes on development and learning being integrated into any kind of managerial education, particularly when authority and franchise are not distributed fairly. Since some people are continuously confront with contempt because of their gender, age and religion while policies of developing and practice are depended on some mechanical measurement, critical reflection should be applied in order to provide wise structure for tough these processes. Critical reflection offers the flexibility based on a more living analysis method. It is apprehensive if managerial education does not involve critical reflection. Reflective practices In order to investigate the impact of reflection on the connection between organization and learning various levels of reflective practice will be presented. The connection between practice and reflection has been discovered. You read "The Reflective Manager" in category "Papers" There were lots of existing trials to connect various kinds of reflection to organization learning. Mezirow described a detailed scheme that classifies seven levels of reflection. For instance, the first level is reflection form daily experience of one’s awareness of seeing, thinking and action while the last level is critical reflection form consciousness. Jarvis stated that the concept of Mozirow is restricted to the interpretation of individual, numinous conversion but not social transform although it is useful. Other authors stressed that the aim of reflection practice ought to have social activities although it is an in mind process (Kemmis 1985). Kemmis described reflection with three levels, the technical reflection, the practical reflection and finally the critical reflection. For the first level, the technical reflection is problem solving oriented with the process of selecting available approaches to accomplish certain result. For the second level, the practical reflection relates choose the correct and appropriate result. While for the third level, the critical reflection concerns the content of historical thought. It is said that the critical reflection offers the fundamental of a justice society. Similarly, Hindmarsh illustrated three levels of reflection to survey the graduates in transferring from students to occupation employment. Furthermore, to understand the previous reflection practice levels, take the technical reflection, the principle of this level is unquestioned. For instance, students may be required to finishing a specific studying styles questionnaire or the favorite list of the teaching group so as to develop lessons based on personal learning style. While for the practical reflection level, there is still no questioning at this level. For instance, a specific form of learning style may be selected for reason that its fundamental learning principle is sustaining of an organization atmosphere that the course is meant to improve. Finally, at the level of critical reflection, underlying conceptions that become the basis of learning style are suspected form an academic or ethical viewpoint. For instance, this kind of learning style may be selected from a way of comprehending distinction in learning methods and an option made based on more related to supportive research. Alternatively, both of these should be rejected for the consideration of its invalidation to interpret the impact on leaning method of age, gender or class and its original dependence on classing, enhances a possibly discriminatory method of being employing with personal difference. Take group work as an example of reflection practice, it was usually applied in managerial development to enhance combination and intimacy by concentrating basically on personal and interpersonal action, inspiring self-shown and an analysis of individual experience without any gregarious or civilizational interpretation. However, a more critical way can be used by offering a contextualized concentration and designing expositive structures which capacitate a gregarious and moral analysis. All of these examples have elucidated the three levels of reflection. Moreover, Russ and Vince described another three levels of reflection practice. The first level is the individual in an organization, the objective of reflection at this level is to discover and conclude the role than a person act and the organization that manage the presentation of the role. The concentrate on role provides chances for managers to understand the methods their jurisdiction is built and limited in an organization. A role offers the structure that person and organization satisfy. Although the transformation of self-experience declares the peculiarity of the individual, planting personal experience in the role stresses the relationship to the organization. It is not possible that reflection on one’s personal experience will create progress and learning itself. However, it is possible to remind conceptions or power connections into problem at the time when reflection is pursued based on relating person, one’s role and organization in one’s mind (Shapiro, Carr, 1991). The second level is team or sub system, the objective of reflection is to discover and absorb connections between the edges of other and self, and between the edges of branches. The concentrate is on the clannish procedure of belonging, describing, striving for democracy, and the straits concerned with traveling across the edges of various organizations. This provides chances for managers to get experience from the creation of governmental activity with mutual commitment or separation, via corporation and competition, and through organization meshwork or nations. This level of reflection is on sub systems which are usually operated within the branch. Within the entire organization, reflections of inter groups of sub systems are more collective which usually break the communication among different components. The third level of reflection is the entire organization, the objective of this reflection is to discover and absorb connections across inside and outside construction. It is in relation to the organizational action produced via personal and mutual authority and flectional experiences. The concentrate is on the process of systematism that the road to create an organization. The reflection at this level is to provide chances for managers to investigate aware and unaware flectional and governmental procedure that draw the organization characteristics. Reflection practice research on a company A company with an expectation of high economic growth and development in generally not likely to encounter commerce failure which produce seldom pressure on mangers. The organization seems not to be confronted with failure and risk and therefore managers are in an environment without risk awareness. Nowadays organizations unawares help to silent or unconfident managers that are afraid of failure and risk hence segregate themselves in a self-empire. In order to deal with such organizational issues, the company has raised an idea of organization learning and learning organization. For example, the staff of the company can profit from training and learning during working. This kind of learning is covered to the entire company and that has affected on its working teams. It leads to the company an improvement in workers attitude and practice as well which indicates the organization is learning. While on account of personal learning all over the company, the influence on the company itself is therefore organization learning. For the company the organizing learning process is hard rather than personal learning. The process is designed started with the creation of the initiative of ‘rebuilt the company’ and hence inspires lots of staff’s enthusiasm. However, new entry employees met the barriers from the power relations like some senior managers which brought some disappointment that resulted in the failure implement of the initiative. Then the company raised a democratic reflection process objected to change the situation, which removed the rooted authority relationships that define the organization. The difficulties the company encountered in learning and change results from managers’ personal cognition of reflection, and the comprehensive organizational dynamic via which these cognitions are produced and enhanced. The personal viewpoints of managers about reflection relates in reality contains keeping away from what is occurring, reconsidering about what was finished and investigating individual thought. The point of reflection is on assessing something from past but not within the present. To conclude, the reflection practice within the company is supposed to be an individual responsibility. It can be described as the work of managers, whether the manager is free so as to consider about the problem or issue and which way the manager sued to deal with the problem. Although these individual reflections from managers can create growth and change for the company, it is the organization success form individual. One failure aspect for the company is that it is lack of the ability to produce a process of organization reflection which will raise the progress from individual to organizational. The limitation of the learning ability for the company should be broken by developing the ability of reflection to an organization level. Conclusions This report has an overview of how the application reflection and reflections practice are encouraged and benefit to the organizations for learning, change and critical. In general, the main conclusion is that reflection and reflection practice are the essential components of individual learning and organizational learning and are aspects of competitively advantages. In this report, the concept of reflection has been discussed on the basis of some literature review, and the distinction between reflection and critical reflection has been compared as well. In the section of reflection practice, the report has presented some different description about the levels of reflection practice. In spite of these arguments, reflection practice may be classified from individual oriented to organizational reflection. Reflection is action in mind with the objective of investigating one’s action in a certain situation. It is said that within organization, good staffs are those who are critical reflective. However, with the examination on individual reflection and organization reflection, it shows that there is a difference between them. According to the example given in the previous paragraph, the company relied on individual ability of reflection can be shifted to be depended on the organizational ability of reflection so as to enhance the ability of learning and changing for the organization. In a word, reflection can benefit to either individual learning or organizing learning but organizations should make more effort to shift the reflection levels so as to get competence and advantage in the global commerce environment. References 1. Argyris, C. and Scho? n, D. A. (1996), Organizational Learning II. Theory, Method, and Practice, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York, NY. 2. Alvesson, M,, Willmott, H, (1996), Making sense of management: A critical introduction. London: Sage, 3. Cunliffe, A, L, (2004), On becoming a critically reflexive practitioner. Journal of Management Education, 28(4), 407-426, 4. Feminisms and Critical Pedagogy. New York: Routledge. McClaren, P. L. (1987) `Education as Counter Discourse: Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Hope’, The Review of Education 13 (1): 58-68. 5. Hoyrup, S. (2004). Reflection as a core process in organisational learning. The Journal of Workplace Learning, 16 (8) pp. 442-454. 6. Kemmis, S. (1985). Action research and the politics of reflection. In D. Boud, R. Keogh, ; D. Walker (Eds. ), Reflection: Turning experience into leaming (pp. 139-163). London: Kogan Page. 7. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Kosmidou, C. and Usher, R. (1992) `Experiential Learning and the Autonomous Subject’, in D. Wildermeersch and T. Jansen (eds) Adult Education, Experiential Learning and Social Change. Amsterdam: VUGA/Uitgeverij BV. 8. Loughran, J. J. (2002). Effective reflective practice: In search of meaning in leaming about teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 33-43. 9. Mezirow, J. (1981) ‘A Critical Theory of Adult Learning and Education’, Adult Education 32: 3-24. 10. Steen, H (2004) The Journal of Workplace Learning Vol. 16 No. 8, 2004 pp. 442-454 ‘Reflection as a core process in organisational learning’. 11. Woerkom, M. , Nijhof, W. , Nieuwenhuis, L. (2002). Critical reflective behaviour: a survey research. Journal of European Industrial Training 26 (8) pp. 375-383. How to cite The Reflective Manager, Essays

Ghana Essay Research Paper Ghana free essay sample

Ghana Essay, Research Paper Ghana The Gold Coast, now known as Ghana, is one of many civilisations of Africa. It was a British Colony until March 6, 1957, when it became independent as the State of Ghana. In 1471, the Portuguese invaded this country and became involved in gold trade, giving the part the name, The Gold Coast. They built garrisons to protect their monopoly of gilded trade from merchandisers stand foring other states. In 1642, the Dutch West India Company captured all Portuguese strong stations and they devoted their involvements in slave trading instead than gilded trading. In the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, the Gold Coast was one of the main West African beginnings of slave export. At the beginning of the Nineteenth Century the states involved in slave trading began get rid ofing it as illegal and immoral. The British abolished it in 1807, the Danish is 1804 and the Dutch in 1814. In 1821, British garrisons were transferred from private ownership to authorities control. We will write a custom essay sample on Ghana Essay Research Paper Ghana or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Gold Coast became a British settlement and the new authorities was known as the British Colony of Sierra Leone. In 1850, there was motion to set up a fundamental law. In 1851, an assembly convened to set up a legislative organic structure of 84 members, as a consequence of mass rioting. In 1853, a Supreme Court was established to keep justness and to guarantee that the citizens would obey the Torahs of Britain. In 1895, municipal authoritiess were established for the larger towns of ; Accra, Cape Coast and Sekondi. In 1954, after many old ages as a British Colony, the Gold Coast wrote a 2nd Const itution giving over the power of running the country to native Africans, citizens of the region. The only exception was External Accord, Defense and Police, which were still primarily white government positions, representing white people’s interests. The Gold Coast’s industry consisted of; aluminum, oil refineries, gold refineries, vehicle assembly, canneries, sugar production, cocoa processing, etc. The region provided a wealth of natural resources for merchants who cared to develop them. There were many important leaders in Ghana. When a portion of Ghana was known as Ashante, Ose Tutu was the founder of the Kingdom of Ashante, in 1680. Kwame Nkramah was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana. J.B. Danquah was a founder of and head figure of the United Gold Coast Connection. After Nkramah became President of Ghana, Danquah opposed his policies and was imprisoned for his ideas. The first African member of the Legislative Council, in the early part of this cen tury, was J.E. Casely- Hayford. In 1969, Dr. Kofi A. Busia became Prime Minister, but a military coup ousted him in 1972. In 1979, Dr. Hilla Limann, a popular career diplomat from Northern Ghana, became President. On March 6, 1957, when the Gold Coast together with British Togo became an autonomous state, within the Commonwealth, and became the independent African Country of Ghana. It was named Ghana after the ancient kingdom of Ghana, that lay along the Niger River. On July 1, 1966, the name was changed to The Republic of Ghana. The civilization of the Gold Coast is now the Republic of Ghana.

Law Of Lianne For Breach Of Contract Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Lianne, a wealthy property developer, wants to treat her friends by hosting and paying for a mid-year party on 30 July. She wishes to outsource the party arrangements to a professional organiser and searches the internet for one. 2.The business advertiser needs to be careful about statements made in its advertisements given that they are subject to legal rules developed by the courts as well as by parliament ( through legislation). Answers: Issue: whether Mary and Lianne enter into any contract while communicating through E-mails? Law: it must be noted that valid contract includes agreement, and for agreement it is necessary that both offer and acceptance exists. Consideration and intention to create legal relations are also the important elements of valid contract. Offer is the communication between two parties under which one party promise the other party to do something or not do something if such other party does something or refuse to do something. Any particular form is not stated bylaw for the purpose of making an offer, which means offer can be made either orally, in writing or by conduct also. It must be noted that there is difference between invitation to deal and offer which can be understood through caselaw Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, Court of Appeal [1893] 1 QB 256; [1892] EWCA Civ 1 (ACL, n.d.). However, it is possible to terminate the offer through revocation but such termination can only be done before the acceptance, which means offer cannot be revoked if it is already accepted by the offeree. Other important element of valid contract is acceptance, and it is considered as statement through offer given by offeror is agreeing by the offeree. It must be noted that offer can only accepted by the person to whom it is directed and not by any other person. Things are different, if parties enter into contract through E-mails. However, basic elements of valid E-mail contracts are also offer and acceptance. It is necessary at the time of entering into contract through E-mails parties must intended to create legal relations. Contracts through E-mail are determined by the provisions of Electronic Transactions Act 1999. Section 14 of the Act, defines the time of receipt of electronic mail. As per this section time of receipt is considered that time at which E-mail actually enters in the information system of the person who gives the offer. Acceptance of offer is considered at the time when E-mail of acceptance enters in the mailbox of the offeror. Application: in this case, Mary and Lianne exchanges numbers of E-mails and Lianne send mail of acceptance to Mary and after 30 minutes of acceptance mail Liannne change her mind and send mail to cancel the deal. However, contract exists between the parties because time of receipt under section 14 of Electronic Transactions Act 1999 is the time when E-mail actually enters in the mailbox of offeror. In this mail send by Lianne to Mary is entered in the mailbox of Mary but because of electronic disturbance Mary reads the mail after 5 hours. In this time of acceptance is considered as that time on which mail enters the mail box. Therefore, there is valid acceptance. As stated above, in E-mail contracts also both offer and acceptance are considered important elements. Court decided in case Stellard Pty Ltd Anor v North Queensland Fuel Pty Ltd, that contract exists between the parties even though such contract entered through E-mails. Therefore contract exists between Mary and Lianne because both offer an acceptance is present and as per general rule it is not possible to revoke the contract after acceptance. Conclusion: valid offer and acceptance is present in the contract which means contract exists between Mary and Lianne. Issue: if Mary breaches the provisions of the contract, then rights and remedies available to Lianne for breach of contract? Law: consumer guarantees are provided by the Australian Consumer Law, and these guarantees ensures safety and protection of the consumers in Australia. It must be noted that person who supplied goods and services to any consumer while engaged in trade and commerce then such person must compiled with the statutory consumer guarantees (Austlii, n.d.). According to section 60 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2 trader provide guarantee to the consumer that he perform his functions with due care and skill. In other words, when services are provided to the consumer in trade or commerce then supplier is under obligation to provide such care with skill and care (Competition and Consumer act, 2010). Section 61 of the Act states, consumer has right to receive such product and service which is fit for the particular purpose. In other words, when any goods and services are provided to the consuming during the ordinary course of trade and commerce, then it is duty of trader to provide the guarantee that goods and services are fit for purpose which is stated by the consumer before entering into transactions (Competition and Consumer act, 2010). In case consumer specifically states the expected result from goods and services provided by the trader before entering into the contract, then trader is under obligation to provide similar result from the services supplied and goods delivered to the consumer. If trader fails to fulfill its obligation under this section then consumer has right to seek remedies provided by the ACL. ACL provides following remedies if failure on the part of the trader is major: Contract related to the service provided by the supplier can be terminated by the consumer. Consumer can demand refund of the services which are not consumed by consumer. Consumer has right to enforce the contract and claim for compensation from the supplier if any difference occurred in the actual services provided by the trader and desired result which is already stated by the consumer before entering into contract. Application: in this case, Lianne specifically demand for Malaysian cuisine and more space for dance floor, but at the time of part Mary provide Russian Cuisine and dance floor is very congested. In this Mary breach the statutory guarantees stated under section 60 and 61 of the Act by providing her services with due care and skills and also by not providing services for which Lianne paid. This can be understood through case law Norman Enterprises Pty Ltd t/as Leimo Australia v Deng [2013] QCATA 047. In this case court stated that trader fails to compile with express warranties in the case. After considering above facts, it is clear that failure to meet the desired results of services provided can be determined as major failure. Therefore, Lianne has right to seek remedies from Court but it is not possible for her to terminate the contract because services provided by Mary are already consumed. Conclusion: Mary breach the provisions of the Act which can be considered as breach of statutory guarantees provided to Lianne by ACL. Therefore, Lainne can seek remedy agist the Mary and she can claim for compensation. 2. Now days, advertisement of products and services can be considered as most important mode for the companies to promote and sell their goods and services. It must be noted that companies published advertisements on radio, television, newspapers, etc. Therefore, it becomes necessary for companies to follow all rules and regulations stated by Act for this purpose. Rules and regulations related to advertisement and selling practices are introduced by the Australian Consumer law for the purpose of protecting and ensuring the interest of consumers. These practices also ensure fair dealings with consumers and prevent the business organizations to be involved in unfair dealings. Australian consumer law is the part of Competition and Consumer Act 2010. This paper describes the provisions related to the laws advertising and selling practices for the purpose of ensuring fair dealings with the clients. Lastly, brief conclusion is stated which concludes this paper. Provisions of Act: Business organizations rapidly involved in the advertising and selling practices and organizations also involved in these practices through online mode also. In other words,, companies promoting and selling their products in online environment also which includes different modes such as E-mail, online sites, apps, social media, etc. in case business indulge in these practices through online mode then also business are obliged to fulfill the rules and obligations stated for this purpose under the Act. Business organizations enjoy same rights and obligations even though they advertise their products through online mode. Rules and regulations related to advertising and selling are defined by Chapter 2 and 3 of the Act. It must be noted that these chapters deals with the commercial matters related to the trade and commerce if such matter provide wrong information to the other party. In other words, if any matter related to trade and commerce reflect false representation and idea about the actual situation then chapter 2 and 3 deals with it. However, it also includes the matters which are related to business advertisement (ACCC, n.d.). Misleading conduct false representation: Generally, business organizations conduct fair dealings with their consumers and these dealings are transparent in nature, but some organizations are also there which involve in misleading and deceptive conduct which results in unfair dealings and loss on the part of the consumer. For this purpose, section 18 and 29 of the ACL defines the provisions related to misleading and deceptive conduct and false representation. These sections restrict the business organizations to conduct any deal with their consumer which is unfair in nature and mislead the consumers (Competition and Consumer Act, 2010). In other words, section 18 of the ACL prohibits the business to engage in any such conduct which mislead and deceive any other person or likely to mislead or deceive the consumers who are dealing with the business. It must be noted that business organizations can involve in unfair dealings through various modes such as advertisement, personal communication, etc. (Competition and Consumer Act, 2010). Court decided many cases in this context which make the term misleading and deceptive clearly. These cases state the actual meaning of the misleading and deceptive conduct. Usually, mislead is the term on which Court emphasized and it must be noted that this term is broader in nature because consumers who falls under the definition of mislead automatically falls under the context of deceive. Therefore, conduct which is misleading in nature involves following factors: Organizations make false representation and claims by publishing an advertisement and consumers on the basis of thee claim enter into transaction with the business. Advertisement published by organizations make false impression and provides information to the consumers, and also fails to provide the important information related to business and organization. It must be noted that in some cases it is very easy for tribunals to identify the conduct which misleads and deceive others, but any conduct which actually not mislead but likely to mislead is very difficult to identify. It becomes difficult for organizations to consider whether subject matter of the issue provides wrong information to the consumers, and for this purpose court consider all the circumstances of the case (Battersby, 2013). Rules and regulations related to conduct of business organization promote the fair dealings in trade and commerce and ensure that organizations act in good faith. This can be understood through case Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd [2004] HCA 60, (2004) 218 CLR 592. In this case, Court stated that defendant acted in good faith which means there is no misleading conduct on the part of defendant. Therefore, it is clear that if business fails to act in good faith then it is considered as misleading and deceptive conduct. Conclusion: Both the sections of ACL that is section 18 and 29 deals with the advertising and selling practices in Australia, and these sections prohibits the business organizations to engaged in any such conduct which mislead and deceive another person. These sections also promote the fair dealings and ensure that organization must not engage in any unfair dealing with consumers. References: ACCC. Advertising and selling guide. Viewed at: https://www.accc.gov.au/accc-book/printer-friendly/29527. Accessed on 22nd September 2017. ACL. Agreement. Viewed at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html. Accessed on 22nd September 2017. Austlii, Paterson, Jeannie Marie --- "The New Consumer Guarantee Law and the Reasons for Replacing the Regime of Statutory Implied Terms in Consumer Transactions" [2011] MelbULawRw 8; (2011) 35(1) Melbourne University Law Review 252. Viewed at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbULawRw/2011/8.html. Accessed on 22nd September 2017. Battersby, M. (2013). Advertising and the ACL: Fine print couldn't save TPG Internet in the High Court. Viewed at: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2013/december/advertising-and-the-acl-fine-print-couldn-t-save-tpg-internet-in-the-high-court. Accessed on 22nd September 2017. Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd [2004] HCA 60, (2004) 218 CLR 592. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, Court of Appeal [1893] 1 QB 256; [1892] EWCA Civ 1. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- section 18. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- section 29. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- section 60. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- section 61. Electronic Transactions Act 1999- Section 14. Norman Enterprises Pty Ltd t/as Leimo Australia v Deng [2013] QCATA 047. Stellard Pty Ltd Anor v North Queensland Fuel Pty Ltd [2015] QSC 119 (14/11998) Martin J 15 May 2015.