Essay on Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in...

Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in Othello The discussion of race in Shakespeares Othello has received a great deal of critical attention. Virginia Mason Vaughn, in her book Othello: A Contextual History, surveys this critical history, beginning with Marvin Rosenbergs 1961 book The Masks of Othello (a book documenting the nineteenth-century tendency toward representing Othello as light-skinned), and continuing through to Jack DAmicos 1991 book The Moor in English Renaissance Drama. According to Vaughan herself, The effect of Othello depends . . . on the essential fact of the heros darkness, the visual signifier of his Otherness (51). Arthur L. Little, Jr., in his article An essence thats not seen: The Primal†¦show more content†¦The discourses of Renaissance misogyny can be seen clearly in such pamphlets as Joseph Swetnams The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Vnconstatnt Women (1616): For women have a thousand ways to entise thee, and ten thousand waies to deceiue thee (15); they lay out the foldes of their hai re, to entangle men into their loue; betwixt their brests is the vale of destruction, in their beds there is hell, sorrow repentance (16); Eagles eat not men till they are dead, but women deuoure them aliue: for a woman will pick thy pocket, and empty thy purse, laugh in thy face and cut thy throat (16); They will play the horse-leach to suck away thy wealth, but in the winter of thy misery shee will flie away from thee (16). Women are here figured as deceiving, dishonest, and dangerous creatures concerned solely with the entrapment and destruction of men. They are portrayed as uncontrollable. The concern over the sexual fidelity of women-in reality a concern for masculine control over feminine sexuality-is reflected in John Raynolds A Defence of the Ivdgement of the Reformed Churches (1610): the truth deliverd by our Saviour Christ alloweth hime whose wife commiteth fornication, to put her away, and to marrie another (2); it is lawfull for him who hath put away his wife for whore dome to marrie another (3). I do not mean to imply that Renaissance discourses concerning women are exclusively misogynistic; RaynoldsShow MoreRelatedThe Oppression of Women in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Wolf1749 Words   |  7 Pagesa pillar of the British Empire, instrumental to the institutions that boasted British superiority. It is evident throughout Woolf’s writing that Shakespeare’s works were highly influential. Her novels frequently allude to his plays, most notably Orlando, Mrs. Dalloway, and also in her famous essay, A Room of One’s Own. Though Woolf admires Shakespeare’s androgyny (specifically in A Room of One’s Own), she also makes the case that his treatment of female characters does not allow for the women toRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear, Hamlet, Othello And Macbeth1206 Words   |  5 Pagesattraction for the audience. A Shakespearean tragedy, is a five-act play and they usually revolve around a similar idea of conflict. Thi s is the Internal and external Conflict within the character. The four plays I have chosen to analyse are; King Lear, Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth. I chose these plays specifically because they all have universal themes which depict human emotions. They contain very important messages about internal and external conflict within characters and how this conflict can

Mice and Men †Loneliness Free Essays

string(78) " all visit a whorehouse for sexual gratification and momentary companionship\." How does Steinbeck present the theme of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’? ‘Of Mice and Men’ is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California. The two protagonist characters, George and Lennie are farm workers who have a dream of one-day owning their own ranch. We will write a custom essay sample on Mice and Men – Loneliness or any similar topic only for you Order Now They find work in a ranch near Soledad, after escaping from Weed because of George’s incident. They are met by different characters on the farm that all have a dream. To be lonely means to lack friends or companionship and to feel isolated. Most of the characters are lonely and the only thing that keeps them alive is their dreams. Some of the loneliest characters they meet are Candy, an old man with only one hand, Crooks, a black cripple and Curley’s Wife, a woman who has no identity; she is lonely even though she is married. Although they are all on the ranch together, they are lonely because of who they are and their history. ‘Of Mice and Men’ is an emotional story with many different themes and characters. This essay will describe the way loneliness is portrayed in ‘Of Mice and Men. George Milton and Lennie Small are friends who travel together. They both share the same dream, which is to one day own their own ranch. George is quick-witted and intelligent. He takes the parental role of looking after Lennie, a simple-minded man who in the book is described as a giant. Lennie is kind hearted with huge physical strength. He does not know how powerful he is and likes to pet animals. The other me n on the ranch find their relationship unusual, they do not know of their past. George describes himself and Lennie as the loneliest guys in the world. Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They belong in no place. ’ George feels sorry for himself; he can see the reality of being a ranch-hand. This loneliness therefore makes both him and Lennie have a dream that motivates him to work. It is the one thing that they are living for. The boss believes that George is exploiting Lennie. The other men come to see that their friendship is built upon loneliness. Others such as Crooks, Candy, Curley’s wife and maybe Slim are jealous of their relationship. Although both George and Lennie are close friends, they are still lonely in the sense that they are not alike. Lennie is lonely in the sense that there is no one who is as simple-minded as he is, he does not realise this, as he is too busy playing with his pup. When George and Lennie first arrive on the ranch, they are met by Candy. Candy and his dog’s relationship resemble George and Lennie’s relationship. In the same way, that Candy seeks comfort in his dog, Lennie seeks comfort in George. Candy has a parental role towards his dog, just as George has a parental role towards Lennie. Lennie can be compared with the dog in the sense that he listens, but does not talk; this provides comfort for those who talk to him about their feelings. Both Lennie and Candy’s dog are shot by the same gun (Carlson’s luger). Carlson is unsentimental about Candy’s dog, as he can see no practical use for it. ‘He ain’t no good to you Candy. An’ he ain’t no good to himself. Why’n’t you shoot him Candy? ’ His suggestion is reasonable for the other men in the bunk- house but he seems oblivious to the strong bond between Candy and his dog. Candy tries to justify the reasons for keeping his dog. I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him. ’ In the end, his dog is shot because of his lack of authority towards the other men. Candy is left lonely and deserted after he loses his lifetime companion. He later cheers up after he joins in with George and Lennie’s plan of owning the dream farm. ‘I’d make a will an’ leave my share to you guys in case I kick off. ’ Candy promises them, that if he died, he would leave George and Lennie his money. This increases his chance of becoming part of the dream. It also increases the chance of the dream becoming reality. Carlson is also a lonely character; he is callous and does not know the appreciation of friendship. He has his gun to look after and care for, the movement of his hands whilst he cleans it show signs of loneliness, he also appears nonchalant. ‘He laid them on his bed and then brought out the pistol†¦then he fell to cleaning the barrel with the little rod. ’ He spends time looking after the gun, he does not take part in the conversation between the other men, he feels happy with his gun and does not see the value of friends and companionship. Curley’s wife is one of the loneliest characters in the novel; she has no identity, she is seen as an object, a possession of Curley’s. Curley’s wife is seen as a flirtatious ‘tart’ by the other ranch-hands, true, Curley’s wife does flirt, she is very conscious of the effect this has on men, but she is not a tart. She wants attention and by gaining that attention, she act the way people think. ‘She had full rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. ’ She likes to dress up and wear a lot of make up, to attract the men. The men on the other hand do not flirt with her, as they are afraid of what Curly might do. This leads to the loneliness of many characters. Although the men think it is wrong of her to flaunt herself sexually and give everyone the ‘eye’, the men all visit a whorehouse for sexual gratification and momentary companionship. You read "Mice and Men – Loneliness" in category "Papers" Those like George and Whit contradict themselves when they talk about Curley’s wife as being ‘jail-bait’. ‘She’s gonna make a mess. They’s gonna be a bad mess about her. She’s a jail-bait all set on a trigger,’ George senses danger coming his way, but he chooses to ignore it, as he needs the money. During the 1930s, women were seen as possessions of their husbands who were to stay at home. George’s view of women, seem to be very basic and biased, he sees them as instruments to relieve physical urges. ‘She never talks dirty, neither. Got five girls there. ’ George does not express the need for any female companionship mainly because he is too busy keeping Lennie out of trouble. She confides in Lennie and tells him about her dreams of becoming a movie star. Steinbeck uses Lennie as a voice to the reader, it is because of him that the reader finds out about Curley’s wife’s dreams and feelings. Coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes – all them nice clothes like they were. ’ She seems to be obsessed by her appearance; she wants the fame and glamour. She appears to have given up her dreams as she married Curly, she feels as though her dreams have been shattered and that she can no longer achieve her goals. Like Curleyâ⠂¬â„¢s wife, Crooks also has no name, it is just a nickname the other ranch-hands use because he is crippled. He is intelligent and very well organised; he has his own room where he keeps his books and possessions. For him, his room is a haven or an oasis. ‘For, being alone, Crooks could leave his things about†¦this room was swept and fairly neat, for Crooks was a proud, aloof man. ’ This shows signs of isolation, as there is no one to comment on the tidiness of his room. He feels isolated and bitter. He is the victim of oppressive violence and prejudice on the ranch. When he first meets Lennie, there is an immediate rejection of friendship mainly due to the anguish of his loneliness. ‘Well, I got a right to have a light. You go on get outa my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room. ’ He does not know that Lennie is unlike the other men, he has been criticised and made fun off, so he does not appreciate the company of others until he gets to know them and their attitude towards him. He tells Lennie of his hopes of having some one to talk to. ‘I tell ya a guy gets too lonely, an’ he gets sick. ’ He admits to feeling isolated, he wishes for a friend to talk to. For a moment, Lennie seems to be a new friend, Lennie sees Crooks as an individual, a person in his own right. Crooks respects him for this and is excited about his new companionship. Again the reader only finds this out when Crooks tells Lennie about his feelings. Crooks admits to not having a dream as he is afraid of disappointment, he does however get caught up in working with George and Lennie in the dream farm. His hopes are shattered by George’s dismissive attitude. ‘I didn’ mean it. Jus foolin’. I wouldn’t want to go no place like that. ’ The lonely characters feel they can confide in Lennie, as they know he will not tell anyone. Crooks is treated as an outcast due to the perspective of race and black people of the time. Black people were seen as outcasts that had no right to mix with the whites. Curley is a small ex-boxer. He is one of the most violent characters on the ranch. He hopes that by being violent and aggressive towards the weaker characters, he will gain authority. He however avoids those he considers to be strong and with authority, such as Slim. He sees everyone with a lower status and sees people as a hierarchy. ‘He wore a work glove on his left hand, and, like the boss, he wore high-heeled boots. According to Candy, the work glove that Curley wears is full of Vaseline to keep his hands soft for his wife. The high-heeled boots give signs of status and height. A debatable character is Slim, is he lonely, does he feel isolated? Because of his calm attitude and natural authority, the less lonely characters rely on him. He is understanding and kind, which is why George tells him of the incide nt in Weed. He does not seem to have a friend, does that mean he has resigned? There is however some hope for him after Lennie is shot, he is the one who comforts George and tells him he done the right thing. You hadda, George. I swear you hadda. Come on with me. ’ The book begins with a calm and peaceful setting of nature. ‘A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops close to the hill-side and runs deeps and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool. ’ This shows the peaceful world of nature, it is very calm and tranquil. The pool shows signs of innocence, as it is only a branch of the Salinas River. The river is a sign of the secrets and the future in nature and the novel. The deep green makes it unable to see the riverbed; this shows signs of a faint and perhaps a dangerous view of the future. Despite the movement and the motion of the river, there are still signs of loneliness; there is only the cyclical of nature. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the setting is sophisticated and formal. ‘On the sand-banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little grey, sculptured stones†¦from the direction of the state highway came the sound of footsteps†¦the rabbits hurried noiselessly for cover. ‘For a moment the place was lifeless, and then two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool’ This shows the peaceful world of nature being disturbed by man. The rabbits sensed the presence of danger and hurried away, it is a movement from harmony to discord. There is a contrast between man and nature. The rabbits sat quietly without making a lot of movement and noise, whilst George and Lennie emerge and break the peace. The peace of nature is also disturbed at the end when Lennie is shot. The pool is described as an innocent place; it reflects Lennie’s innocence. There is however, senses of loneliness as neither George nor Lennie speak, there are no sounds of nature from when they emerge. The pool is still and the wind has stopped rustling through the leaves. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the landscape and a character is contrasted with the way the characters speak. The characters use American colloquial slang. The characters also speak of being lonely and wanting companionship. Steinbeck pays attention to the description of the characters; he mainly concentrates on the hands. Lennie’s hands are described as paws, Candy’s has one missing, Curley’s keeps his left hand in a glove, Crooks’ palms are noted (colour). George has strong but small hands, Slim hands are mentioned and Curley’s wife’s hands are only described in terms of fingernails. Steinbeck presents the theme of loneliness through the characters. The language he uses to describe the landscape and characters show signs of loneliness. The character’s past reflect their loneliness and the death of both Candy’s dog and Lennie create the major theme of loneliness. Nature and animals play a large role in the story, the main comparison of man and nature is when Lennie is described as a bear. ‘He walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. ’ Steinbeck wants to show the size and strength of Lennie therefore he compares him to a bear. The book was written during the 1930s during the Great Depression. This was a difficult time for America and its people; Steinbeck shows the fear of the Depression by having the men all work together. No matter how much the men on the ranch stick together and some may support each other, they are still lonely. How to cite Mice and Men – Loneliness, Papers

HR Functions in Multinational Corporation

Question: Discuss about the HR Functions in Multinational Corporation. Answer: Introduction: The theoretical concepts concerning the supervision of Human Resources point to the explicit attitudes and principles of management. These are based on the sensitivity of treatment of individuals in wide-ranging formulae of existence. The realistic insinuation of the philosophies of overseeing and controlling the human capital boons compact circumstantial settings. It differentiates the virtues of persons in diverse disciplines. The occupations are apportioned according to the entitlements and experience of miscellaneous assortment of applicants who propose to exhibit their presentations in and outer the performing zones of the association (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The Business unit endeavors to harvest seamless strategies of endowed dispositions to contest with the competing entities and depict their competences while choosing and employing the persons. The hassles and outlooks of the group are satisfied in accordance with the explanation of the potentials of the wide-ranging af filiates of the comprehensive set. Significance of HRM with elements of International desirability: The communal and human resource organization largely compacts with the managerial influences of representing the strategies, scheduling and positioning of diverse movements obligatory for actual administration of the group. The goals and purposes of the dissimilar allies of the association are directed by the principled, legitimate, societal, ecological, and technological factors in addition to shared ties which deliver the outline of the physiognomies of the recognized individuals. The engagement and staffing events are demonstrated from end to end with the profitable submission of possessions and technical foundation of the collective procedure of the structural efforts. In the contemporary domain, there are amenities of the integration of commissioning of diverse group of establishments that embrace the accountability of deciding on the suitable candidates (Banfield and Kay, 2012). The achievement of the duties are a bsorbed by the supervision over the progressive packages, obtaining of ideals, endowment of exercise, inspiration, preservation of talented workforces, arrangement of reimbursement facilities, welfares, distribution of gratuities besides other amenities, remuneration scheme and many other significant issues. The challenging boldness is momentously enthused by the methods of protracted tenure of supportable endeavors of the group and groundwork of the associates of the efficient constituents prepared by interactive conferences. The impeccable styles of traditions of teaching institute frame the comportment and insolences to complete the assignments in the preferred routine and sustain the actions of the association (Anastasia, 2014). The aptitudes of governance of behavior and latent prospects of the personalities are scrutinized by the regulation of the specialists who are permitted to impart the vital feelings of awareness and cultural sectors to mature the lucid and methodical vie wpoint. The diverse styles of treatises and discussions, interactive events, computerized presentations of screening of programs, workshops and conferences are principally validated for the miscellaneous set of movements. International Corporate strategies: The international HR unit of the multinational organizations like Woolworths, Wesfarmers, Larsen and Toubro, Coca cola etc. upholds a range of the wide-ranging contenders conferring to the responsibilities and experiences. The entrants nominated for the particular professions may be well-versed concerning the conversational elements through correspondences referred to them. This conveys the presumptuous pattern of the European and Australian approaches to organize for the collaborative conferences of vulnerable considerations and conventions to have unblemished visualizations of the policies of employments (Dowling et al. 2013). It is mandatory to execute the accomplishments at the concluding phase of assortments for the suitable applicants through several sequences of surveys being systematized by the entity. Their designations are encompassed in the grade of potential competitors within the subdivision of the proposals for the assumed positions. There are discrete groupings of classifying the persons to determine the range of localities to gain the apportionment of positions bestowing to their necessities. The diverse individuals can shift to the superior stratums at undisputable zones while they are set up to be skilled for allotment of the position. There are wide-ranging methods of assessment of routines of activities centered on surveys and subjective standings, proactive understandings at different establishments (Farndale, 2010). The advancement of the personalities and the endowment of re- division of workforces and the operatives at dissimilar positions are agreed in accordance with the contemporary fashions of mechanization in Rio Tinto, TCS, Common wealth Bank of Australia and other renowned organizations. This customary stable group of forces is designated to achieve the measures of joblessness and the promoting amenities shape up and about a stage of empowerment of structures of putative insinuations that highlig ht the approaches of hindrances for the peripheral entrants. It constructs the outcomes to generate a competitive field amid the staffs to exhibit their values. The regulations of the management control the group to choose the staffs and personnel from the discreet sections of the community irrespective of classes and principles (www.Gifre.org, 2016). Figure: International Corporate strategies of Operative System (Source: www.ocl.ac, 2016) The females have progressed to look forward rendering to the modern measurements of the examination of the hypothetical accomplishments in diverse arenas of trainings organized by the distinct institutes such as Tesco, TCS, Telstra etc. The specified merits are precisely and considerably exaggerated by the encounter of insolences in no upgrading of state of affairs wherever the participants have no alternative to conquest but constructing their speculative or practiced vocation (Machado, 2015). The intelligence and spirits of indiscreet topographies of the psychological elements edge the individuals who are moderately cognizant of the physical, societal, commercial and legitimate settings. The Australian in addition to European or American or further traditional inspirations of other westernized continental regions ensure amazing influence upon the republics of Asian Nations. The refinement of eastern constituencies is progressively assuming the western assortments of decision of revelation and principles to authenticate the indispensable features and desires of life with the elevation of technological domain as seen in the units of Coca Cola, Larsen and Toubro, Vodafone, ANZ Banking group and so on. The International guidelines of HRM of the multinational giants have exasperated to breach the proficiency services to distinguish the dominant potentials and talents to direct the projections of the males and females and make them outshine in their corresponding occupations. The pioneering assets deliver exclusivity to evaluate the aptitudes veiled in them. The outlooks of self-cognizance, self-reliance, and self-esteems categorically launch the intents of precedence to a ccomplish the stresses of the delicate abilities on top of specialized life (Schmitt, 2012). Functions of IHRM: The Enterprises view on the amassing and enlargement packages to conquest in the global achievement in the arena of the accurate selection of personnel. The claimants are usually well skilled and scientifically comprehensive to bump into the benchmarks of recruitment procedure. There are distinguished zones of the purposes achieved by the persons to accomplish economic benefits. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), the preoccupation of newfangled staffs comprising both the sexual category generates the groundwork of the appointments mandatory to execute the manifold tasks on the way to the occupational hunts of the association. The course of seamless preparation and developmental conveniences generate a pleasant background of the dynamic entity. Mathis and Jackson (2011) specified that the backup of manpower for teaching and growth edifies the autonomy of venture to intensify the production events and the impeccable stream of the accessible resources to upsurge the surface of fabrication lengthways with the contribution of the accomplices as found in TCS, Common wealth Bank of Australia, National Australian Bank, Westpac Banking Corporation, Telstra etc. On the way to the renovated development of didactic accomplishments and systematic flairs with corresponding review of the quality of service, a reasonable and cost-effective growth of human resource requires to preserve the crucial origins and convince the advancement of the group. In accordance with the requirements of the industry as well as the culture, the manpower is correspondingly embroidered by the outline of a set of flexible working principles th at profoundly stimulates and arouses the employed assemblage to analyze the conduit of the leadership policies (Nixon et al. 2012). The staffs usually undergo enthusiastic exercise to nurture the values of proficiency besides inter communication abilities to interchange their visualization and opinions. The introverted insolence of specific workforces might be constrained out with the candidness of interface amid the supervisors and the organization. The workers hit the books to cherish the influences of cooperative method and team effort that position on the remarkable strategies of leadership elegances of the counselor. The spectacles of attaining competitive enhancement of the Australian, European besides American businesses have lengthened added aptitude in founding a robust point in the international marketplace. The compensation scheme has been an operational apparatus of the cumulative standard of the rewarded personnel who attempt to accomplish a contented space in the professional establishment. According to Olsen and Stensaker, (2013), the dictatorial panache of realizing the recompenses in the procedur e of persuasive chases is being progressively substituted by the sharing modification of performances and depictions within Australian and specific parts of European segments of the commercial subdivision that have ensured prodigious industrial evolution. There are numerous monetary and non-commercial remuneration arrangements being hurled by administrations to generate sufficient choice to the personnel. The applicants of the group are empowered to attain the legitimate and communal safety in the footholds of recompenses (Philip and Sharma, 2013). The payments and allowance structures are the beneficial procedures of extending patronage to the current and senior or retired personnel. This roots the sensation of great psychological serenity to all groups of employees and the organization for fashioning the balances of restored desires and upgraded pattern of existence. The professional unions of trading units ensure an intense inspiration to realize mutual objectives of cohesive sys tem in the direction of upliftment of protection models for rationalized and revamped eminence to come upon the entreaties of the societies. (Source: Slideshare.net. 2016) Figure: Performance appraisal procedures as per country level assessments with mean values (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Figure: Cohesive appraisal method (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Challenges: The bosses need to be well equipped and directed by a squad of specialists to assemble the forum for the fresh individuals. The inquiry form needs to have an ingenious structure fabricated on the prerequisite aptitudes of the perceptions of the profession. The all-embracing employees affianced in divergent accomplishments ought to lean towards succeeding the configuration of operational strategies of the people concomitant with higher loci. The aims and intents of the specific provisions of the responsibilities are essential to be noticeably anticipated by the knowledgeable supervisors and adherents of the group who articulates the valuation tests while scrutinizing the names of conceivable contenders. The orientation of the personnel with the detection of references has remained an imperative characteristic of the professional corporations to sustain the contestants while experiencing the footsteps of assortment technique (Mazenod, 2013). The operative announcements with governance and occupational packages led by the professional groups to collect the statistics and facts of the budding and subsequent competitors requires to speed up the proficiency of absolute learners of engineering, technical, executive, commercial and other categories of trainees. Above and beyond, the initiation of numerous gratifying and creative advocating packages is required to synchronize and locate to mark the real-world standard in accordance with the vital capabilities. However, the breach between the sensible solutions and conjectural awareness are essential to be cautiously evaluated by the recruiter and organization of applicable preparation ought to be delivered (www.Gifre.org, 2016). The accessible commercials of the assortment benchmarks present false presentations of aspirants with fabricated personalities which do not occur. The applicants sometimes portray identical documentations with extraordinary experiences to augment the subjective silhouette. It detects the landscape of characters and damages the stature of the business. The discomfiture or any kind of erotic attack with the dissimilar class of staffs and the workforces generate the key concern of the range of the corresponding staff. The cultural multiplicity amongst the countries recognizes the disparity of the arrangement of recompenses and suppleness in supervision of the possessions and treating the lineups for functioning (Schmitt, 2012). Figure: Features of Talent Management (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Figure: Acknowledgement of Trade Union as per national level investigation (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Inference: The traditional variances amid the divergent compasses of all-purpose changes of portrayals and events of operational elegances are significantly driven by the values of modification standards and obligation toward the accomplishment of practical purposes of the institute. The various classes of actions are entrenched within the directed strategies and performances to accord with discrete procedures of operative circumstances. The globalization system of the custom and artistic features of the preparation and authorization of the employees are enormously cultivated by the forecasts of collective methods (Armstrong, 2010). The different ideas of the traditional scopes are re organized by the amalgamated approaches between the discrete shares of the contributing grounds of the domestic as well as universal savor. The competences and educational practices are merged to produce creative development of the diverse employees related to the commercial domain. The participants are desirable to professionally bring about the undertakings of the group with melodious rapport amid each other. The malleable manner of communication to interrelate with every one indicates the unadulterated roads of impending evolution and enlargement. References Anastasia, P. (2014) 'European Judicial Training: Promoting The Development Of Standardized Training Materials And An Interactive Training Methodology'. ERA Forum 15(3), pp. 319-324. Armstrong, M and Taylor, S. (2014) Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 13th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Armstrong, M. (2010) Armstrong's Essential Human Resource Management Practice: a guide to people management. London: Kogan Page Limited Banfield, P. and Kay, R. (2012) Introduction to Human Resource Management, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press Dowling, P., Marion F., and Allen D. (2013) International Human Resource Management. Andover: Cengage Learning Farndale, E. (2010) 'Context-Bound Configurations Of Corporate HR Functions In Multinational Corporations'. Human Resource Management 49(1), pp. 45-66. Machado, C (2015) International Human resource Management: challenges and changes Springer Mathis, R. L. and Jackson, J. H. (2011) Human Resource Management: Essential Perspectives, 4th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Mazenod, A. (2013) 'Engaging Employers In Workplace Training - Lessons From The English Train To Gain Programme'. International Journal of Training and Development 18(1), pp.53-65. Nixon, P., Harrington, M., and Parker, D. (2012) 'Leadership Performance Is Significant To Project Success Or Failure: A Critical Analysis'. Int J Productivity Perf Mgmt 61(2), pp. 204-216. Olsen, TH., and Stensaker, I. (2013) 'A Change-Recipient Perspective On Training During Organizational Change'. International Journal of Training and Development 18(1) pp. 22-36. Panda, S. and Sahoo, C. (2015) 'Strategic Talent Development Interventions: An Analysis'. Industrial and Commercial Training 47(1), pp. 15-22. Philip, A., and Sharma, S. (2013) 'A Stochastic Reward Net Approach For Reliability Analysis Of A Flexible Manufacturing Module'. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 4(3), pp. 293-302. Schmitt, N. (2012) The Oxford Handbook of Personnel Assessment and Selection, Oxford: Oxford University Press Slideshare.net. (2016). International Human Resource Management. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/poojabharti7/international-human-resource-management-41915539 [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. www.Gifre.org, (2016) 'Global Institute For Research Education (GIFRE): Employee perception about effectiveness of organizational culture: A study of Land T LTD Available in https://www.gifre.org/admin/papers/gjcmp/perception-vol-3-1-gjcmp.pdf [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. www.osu.edu, (2016), Competency Model Extension Human Resources, Available in https://extensionhr.osu.edu/compmodel/compmodel.htm [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. www.unisa.edu.au, (2016). [online] A profile of Human Resource Management in multinational enterprises operating In Australia Available at: https://www.unisa.edu.au/Global/business/centres/chrm/docs/projects/intrepid/Australia11_MNE_Report_Final.pdf [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016].

Reflective Account - nursing free essay sample

This essay demonstrates the significant learning that resulted as a consequence of using critical reflection on my practice. The reflective process helped me to realise how my practice needed to change after I experienced a personal and practice-related issue during and after my clinical placement. Reflective practice is an important component of all nurse education programmes. The Nursing and Midwifery Councils (NMC) The Code: Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for nurses and Midwives (NMC, 2008), states that nurses must continue to keep knowledge and skills up to date during their professional careers. Reflection can improve a nurses repertoire of skills (Matthews, 2004). Reflection is a term much talked about yet there is no single, universally agreed definition (Chirema, 2007). However, there are many prominent thinkers and writers in the area who have made considerable contributions to the ongoing dialogue. As a learning process, reflecting on practice and turning experience into learning requires a framework or model in which to understand the experience and make sense of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This may include other people with whom to interact and share experiences with. Indeed, much of the literature enthusiastically encourages reflection on experiences in nursing. It expects that by doing so, it will improve the professionalism of the practitioner by automatically transferring the new knowledge, skills and expertise into practice (Wallace, 2010). After trialling a few models of reflection, I eventually settled on Gibbs (1988) model (refer to figure 1). I find this a simple and easy to use model and it suited my personal style of learning. However, reflection often reveals shortcomings and it has potential to leave the practitioner feeling insecure and demotivated. Yet OCallaghans (2005) reflective writing described how a student managed to break down ritualistic practice in wound dressings and improve the patient’s recovery with evidence-based practice. Mooney and Nolan (2006) claim that reflection helps nurses to better understand and build on a body of nursing knowledge, which benefits the profession. Figure 1 Gibbs’ (1988) Reflection Cycle Reflection of any sort is difficult: it requires the learning of new skills that may lead to positive outcomes. It demands effort, ongoing commitment and motivation in order to prioritise an additional work activity in an already demanding role as a children’s nurse (Schutz et al, 2004; Schon, 1991; Argyris, 1999; Marcos et al, 2009). There has been a growing concern among many employers of registered nurses that new recruits lack the ability to think critically and broadly about their work (Castledine, 2010). This could be due to the difficulties mentioned and the personal nature of reflection and so may be a barrier to truthfully accounting the story (Schutz et al, 2004). As a previously experienced nurse, this was a major dilemma in my own reflective writing. I was, in effect, exposing my failings to a total stranger. However, I decided to be as truthful as possible in order for the process to work. What happened (my story)? The focus for my reflection was post-appendectomy care. In my placement, I nursed a female teenager through an appendectomy. Within a month I had to undergo the same procedure myself. Appendectomy is a common treatment performed on the children’s ward where I undertook my placement. This is usually carried out by laparoscopic surgery. Advice that I gave pre- and post-operatively to the child and parents/carers are included in the care plans, pre-operative care and post-operative care which can be found in appendices one, two and three. For the first stage of the cycle, Gibbs encourages a description of the events. What was I thinking and feeling? When I gave the pre- and post-operative advice to the teenager and her mother I felt as though I was doing a good job. I was following the plans and procedures. My supervisor was happy. However, once I had undergone the whole experience of having a retrograde appendix removed myself, I discovered that the pre-operative preparation and post-operative care that was given to me, and I myself would have given something similar, inadequate. Although my experience as an adult on an adult ward would have been slightly different to the teenager that I cared for, the principles of care are similar. Differences in care may have been due to staff-patient ratios and policies around visiting and family-centred care. In my experience I suffered an inability to cough, anorexia, changes in taste and diet, being limited in walking and mobilising and general and mental malaise. I even surprised myself by worrying about my body image due to the size of the scar on my abdomen. Although these experiences were personal to me, I assumed that many of these conditions and thoughts are typical and would have been equally suffered by the teenager that I cared for. Nothing was mentioned at any time to me pre- or post-operatively about any of these experiences. I never saw any leaflets at the time of my appendectomy but I discovered a patient information leaflet for the Gloucestershire Health Community regarding coughing after surgery. It states that it is important that you can cough post-operatively so that you can clear any phlegm that has accumulated whilst being intubated during surgery. It gives you guidance on how to get rid of phlegm comfortably. I can honestly state that I have never been instructed to talk to a patient about this in the two hospitals that I have worked in and therefore I have never considered it has a significant problem. I have observed it in patients but it has been brushed aside has a minor nuisance due to the tubing used in the anaesthetic. I have in the past encouraged a teenager to cough holding a pillow to their wound but that was pretty much it. To my embarrassment, I took the lead from my colleagues. However, I now know from my own personal experience, that the process of being able to cough and clear phlegm is a bigger problem than most nurses’ think. It used to be that a child would not be able to commence food and fluids for a few days in order to enable the bowel to regain normal function. However, now there are no dietary restrictions but children are recommended to eat lightly for the first day or two and if nausea or vomiting occurs, they are encouraged to stick with clear liquids until it passes. I suffered with dreadful nausea (I believe this was due to the antibiotics) and this was not helped with being positioned in a bay with other patients that were eating or one patient in particular that had a bowel condition that meant that he had to sit on a commode for lengthy periods. What was also less appreciated by me is that the body appears to go through a detoxification process. After one week of eating very little and losing about 8lbs due to the ongoing nausea, my palate had adjusted and I couldn’t bear to eat the foods that I was used to. A favourite curry tasted that someone had literally poured a tablespoon of salt onto it! I couldn’t bear anything other than ice cream and water. This second stage of the Gibbs cycle provides a section to explore how I felt and the thoughts I had. This section was the most important part of my exploration and learning process. My comments were not directly restricted to my thinking and feeling. It felt natural to analyse my incident and evaluate it, supported by evidenced-based research. What were the thoughts and feelings of others involved? How do you know? The teenager that underwent the appendectomy was clearly in pain, despite analgesia following examination, and was clearly concerned about the forthcoming operation. It was clear because of the questions that they were asking and their body language. Preventing distress for children, young people and their carers when they are admitted to hospital is a fundamental goal of childrens nursing. Glasper and Richardson (2005) state that children, young people and their families need to know what is going to happen and how it is going to happen. Vague and unclear information is far more upsetting than what is known and understood. Surgery is a planned procedure which aids itself very well to good preparation. This helps children to cope, reducing anxiety and allowing them to know exactly what to expect, such as what will happen post-appendectomy. Thus, at the time, I followed this advice. I felt that I adequately prepared the teenager that underwent the appendectomy and her mother for this procedure. My supervisor was alongside me and appeared happy with everything that I had done in my caring for the teenager and her mother. I had given detailed information about what was going to happen and answered all of their questions comprehensively. The third section of the Gibbs process required me to look into what others thought. As such it demanded that I put myself in their shoes. This stage is incredibly useful because it allowed me to reflect on what I observed e. g. body language, the things that were said, and the way I might have viewed things if I was in their situation. I was able to analyse how I perceived the motives and reactions of others. What other options were open to me? I do not feel that many other options were open to me when caring for the teenager at that time. I had nursed many, many teenagers through appendectomies and despite being supervised through this caring situation, nothing much had changed since I was nursing full-time. What would I do if the situation arose again? I feel I need to re-learn and understand more about the dilemmas of children and their families/carers when going through any period of hospitalisation. Clearly, dealing properly with the aftermath of abdominal surgery is important; it has significant implications, not only for physiological reasons, but also from a psychological perspective e. g. considering the wound. The nursing process was the first move towards a systematic way of assessing the patient’s nursing problems, their priorities, reasons for nursing interventions and care. This was closely followed by the process of setting standards and carrying out quality assurance measures to see if the quality of nursing care had been achieved. Although all these attempts have tried to encourage more critical thinking in nursing, there is still a problem in getting nurses to break away from the comforts of routine and become more assertive in their contribution to the health team’s decisions (Castledine, 2010). A lot is written about ‘nursing rituals’. The term ‘ritual’ is often used in a derogatory sense in nursing literature to refer to unthinking, routine actions by nurses, which lacks any empirical foundation. For example, Walsh and Ford (1989): â€Å"The nurse does something because this is the way it has always been done. † I believe that nursing care plans are an example of this routine behaviour. I believe that I have been following the same nursing plan for pre- and post-appendectomy care for many years. They have changed recently but the change is minimal and only includes appendectomies carried out via keyhole operations or the insertion of a three-fibre optic camera through the stomach (laparoscopy). Therefore, my first step would be to re-look at the nursing care plans on the ward. I have included the care plan used on the ward that I was placed on in appendix 1. As you can see, this is a generic form used and nursing staff are able to add plans to suit different types of general surgery. I believe that it would be more efficient to include specific care plans for the more common types of surgeries seen on the ward, appendectomies included. A letter published in a popular nursing journal: â€Å"Nurses who believe that nursing care is all about managing drips and administering medicines are nothing more than technicians†¦It is inexcusable to concentrate on the technical and give care without empathy, touch or time to talk† (Bolger,  2007). The nurses that ‘cared’ for me were guilty of being ‘technicians’. I believe that empathy, touch and time to talk should be emphasised more and clearly written in the care plans. I personally tried to look at the teenager as an individual and not as a condition. I feel that the care plans should reflect this. For example, a discussion about the wound should be more in depth and the female teenagers response noted for future intervention. Evidence-based practice encourages observable and measurable assessment and evaluation through quantitative means (Taylor, 2006). It requires that decisions based about health care are based on the best available and most up-to-date evidence. Nurses must also be able to scrutinise research findings to evaluate their clinical applicability, and use clinical practice guidelines to disseminate proven and therapeutic knowledge (Timmermans and Berg, 2003). It is my intention that the care of children undergoing any form of treatment, appendectomies included, is based on current evidence and experiences that includes those of the children nursed. In the fifth and final stage of the Gibbs reflective process, I was able to explore the implications of following nursing rituals and inadequate nursing plans and care. I hope to apply what I have learnt from my own personal experience to future situations through redesigning leaflets, care plans and considering the environment that the children are nursed in.