Essay on Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in...

Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in Othello The discussion of race in Shakespeares Othello has received a great deal of critical attention. Virginia Mason Vaughn, in her book Othello: A Contextual History, surveys this critical history, beginning with Marvin Rosenbergs 1961 book The Masks of Othello (a book documenting the nineteenth-century tendency toward representing Othello as light-skinned), and continuing through to Jack DAmicos 1991 book The Moor in English Renaissance Drama. According to Vaughan herself, The effect of Othello depends . . . on the essential fact of the heros darkness, the visual signifier of his Otherness (51). Arthur L. Little, Jr., in his article An essence thats not seen: The Primal†¦show more content†¦The discourses of Renaissance misogyny can be seen clearly in such pamphlets as Joseph Swetnams The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Vnconstatnt Women (1616): For women have a thousand ways to entise thee, and ten thousand waies to deceiue thee (15); they lay out the foldes of their hai re, to entangle men into their loue; betwixt their brests is the vale of destruction, in their beds there is hell, sorrow repentance (16); Eagles eat not men till they are dead, but women deuoure them aliue: for a woman will pick thy pocket, and empty thy purse, laugh in thy face and cut thy throat (16); They will play the horse-leach to suck away thy wealth, but in the winter of thy misery shee will flie away from thee (16). Women are here figured as deceiving, dishonest, and dangerous creatures concerned solely with the entrapment and destruction of men. They are portrayed as uncontrollable. The concern over the sexual fidelity of women-in reality a concern for masculine control over feminine sexuality-is reflected in John Raynolds A Defence of the Ivdgement of the Reformed Churches (1610): the truth deliverd by our Saviour Christ alloweth hime whose wife commiteth fornication, to put her away, and to marrie another (2); it is lawfull for him who hath put away his wife for whore dome to marrie another (3). I do not mean to imply that Renaissance discourses concerning women are exclusively misogynistic; RaynoldsShow MoreRelatedThe Oppression of Women in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Wolf1749 Words   |  7 Pagesa pillar of the British Empire, instrumental to the institutions that boasted British superiority. It is evident throughout Woolf’s writing that Shakespeare’s works were highly influential. Her novels frequently allude to his plays, most notably Orlando, Mrs. Dalloway, and also in her famous essay, A Room of One’s Own. Though Woolf admires Shakespeare’s androgyny (specifically in A Room of One’s Own), she also makes the case that his treatment of female characters does not allow for the women toRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear, Hamlet, Othello And Macbeth1206 Words   |  5 Pagesattraction for the audience. A Shakespearean tragedy, is a five-act play and they usually revolve around a similar idea of conflict. Thi s is the Internal and external Conflict within the character. The four plays I have chosen to analyse are; King Lear, Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth. I chose these plays specifically because they all have universal themes which depict human emotions. They contain very important messages about internal and external conflict within characters and how this conflict can

Mice and Men †Loneliness Free Essays

string(78) " all visit a whorehouse for sexual gratification and momentary companionship\." How does Steinbeck present the theme of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’? ‘Of Mice and Men’ is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California. The two protagonist characters, George and Lennie are farm workers who have a dream of one-day owning their own ranch. We will write a custom essay sample on Mice and Men – Loneliness or any similar topic only for you Order Now They find work in a ranch near Soledad, after escaping from Weed because of George’s incident. They are met by different characters on the farm that all have a dream. To be lonely means to lack friends or companionship and to feel isolated. Most of the characters are lonely and the only thing that keeps them alive is their dreams. Some of the loneliest characters they meet are Candy, an old man with only one hand, Crooks, a black cripple and Curley’s Wife, a woman who has no identity; she is lonely even though she is married. Although they are all on the ranch together, they are lonely because of who they are and their history. ‘Of Mice and Men’ is an emotional story with many different themes and characters. This essay will describe the way loneliness is portrayed in ‘Of Mice and Men. George Milton and Lennie Small are friends who travel together. They both share the same dream, which is to one day own their own ranch. George is quick-witted and intelligent. He takes the parental role of looking after Lennie, a simple-minded man who in the book is described as a giant. Lennie is kind hearted with huge physical strength. He does not know how powerful he is and likes to pet animals. The other me n on the ranch find their relationship unusual, they do not know of their past. George describes himself and Lennie as the loneliest guys in the world. Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They belong in no place. ’ George feels sorry for himself; he can see the reality of being a ranch-hand. This loneliness therefore makes both him and Lennie have a dream that motivates him to work. It is the one thing that they are living for. The boss believes that George is exploiting Lennie. The other men come to see that their friendship is built upon loneliness. Others such as Crooks, Candy, Curley’s wife and maybe Slim are jealous of their relationship. Although both George and Lennie are close friends, they are still lonely in the sense that they are not alike. Lennie is lonely in the sense that there is no one who is as simple-minded as he is, he does not realise this, as he is too busy playing with his pup. When George and Lennie first arrive on the ranch, they are met by Candy. Candy and his dog’s relationship resemble George and Lennie’s relationship. In the same way, that Candy seeks comfort in his dog, Lennie seeks comfort in George. Candy has a parental role towards his dog, just as George has a parental role towards Lennie. Lennie can be compared with the dog in the sense that he listens, but does not talk; this provides comfort for those who talk to him about their feelings. Both Lennie and Candy’s dog are shot by the same gun (Carlson’s luger). Carlson is unsentimental about Candy’s dog, as he can see no practical use for it. ‘He ain’t no good to you Candy. An’ he ain’t no good to himself. Why’n’t you shoot him Candy? ’ His suggestion is reasonable for the other men in the bunk- house but he seems oblivious to the strong bond between Candy and his dog. Candy tries to justify the reasons for keeping his dog. I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him. ’ In the end, his dog is shot because of his lack of authority towards the other men. Candy is left lonely and deserted after he loses his lifetime companion. He later cheers up after he joins in with George and Lennie’s plan of owning the dream farm. ‘I’d make a will an’ leave my share to you guys in case I kick off. ’ Candy promises them, that if he died, he would leave George and Lennie his money. This increases his chance of becoming part of the dream. It also increases the chance of the dream becoming reality. Carlson is also a lonely character; he is callous and does not know the appreciation of friendship. He has his gun to look after and care for, the movement of his hands whilst he cleans it show signs of loneliness, he also appears nonchalant. ‘He laid them on his bed and then brought out the pistol†¦then he fell to cleaning the barrel with the little rod. ’ He spends time looking after the gun, he does not take part in the conversation between the other men, he feels happy with his gun and does not see the value of friends and companionship. Curley’s wife is one of the loneliest characters in the novel; she has no identity, she is seen as an object, a possession of Curley’s. Curley’s wife is seen as a flirtatious ‘tart’ by the other ranch-hands, true, Curley’s wife does flirt, she is very conscious of the effect this has on men, but she is not a tart. She wants attention and by gaining that attention, she act the way people think. ‘She had full rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. ’ She likes to dress up and wear a lot of make up, to attract the men. The men on the other hand do not flirt with her, as they are afraid of what Curly might do. This leads to the loneliness of many characters. Although the men think it is wrong of her to flaunt herself sexually and give everyone the ‘eye’, the men all visit a whorehouse for sexual gratification and momentary companionship. You read "Mice and Men – Loneliness" in category "Papers" Those like George and Whit contradict themselves when they talk about Curley’s wife as being ‘jail-bait’. ‘She’s gonna make a mess. They’s gonna be a bad mess about her. She’s a jail-bait all set on a trigger,’ George senses danger coming his way, but he chooses to ignore it, as he needs the money. During the 1930s, women were seen as possessions of their husbands who were to stay at home. George’s view of women, seem to be very basic and biased, he sees them as instruments to relieve physical urges. ‘She never talks dirty, neither. Got five girls there. ’ George does not express the need for any female companionship mainly because he is too busy keeping Lennie out of trouble. She confides in Lennie and tells him about her dreams of becoming a movie star. Steinbeck uses Lennie as a voice to the reader, it is because of him that the reader finds out about Curley’s wife’s dreams and feelings. Coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes – all them nice clothes like they were. ’ She seems to be obsessed by her appearance; she wants the fame and glamour. She appears to have given up her dreams as she married Curly, she feels as though her dreams have been shattered and that she can no longer achieve her goals. Like Curleyâ⠂¬â„¢s wife, Crooks also has no name, it is just a nickname the other ranch-hands use because he is crippled. He is intelligent and very well organised; he has his own room where he keeps his books and possessions. For him, his room is a haven or an oasis. ‘For, being alone, Crooks could leave his things about†¦this room was swept and fairly neat, for Crooks was a proud, aloof man. ’ This shows signs of isolation, as there is no one to comment on the tidiness of his room. He feels isolated and bitter. He is the victim of oppressive violence and prejudice on the ranch. When he first meets Lennie, there is an immediate rejection of friendship mainly due to the anguish of his loneliness. ‘Well, I got a right to have a light. You go on get outa my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room. ’ He does not know that Lennie is unlike the other men, he has been criticised and made fun off, so he does not appreciate the company of others until he gets to know them and their attitude towards him. He tells Lennie of his hopes of having some one to talk to. ‘I tell ya a guy gets too lonely, an’ he gets sick. ’ He admits to feeling isolated, he wishes for a friend to talk to. For a moment, Lennie seems to be a new friend, Lennie sees Crooks as an individual, a person in his own right. Crooks respects him for this and is excited about his new companionship. Again the reader only finds this out when Crooks tells Lennie about his feelings. Crooks admits to not having a dream as he is afraid of disappointment, he does however get caught up in working with George and Lennie in the dream farm. His hopes are shattered by George’s dismissive attitude. ‘I didn’ mean it. Jus foolin’. I wouldn’t want to go no place like that. ’ The lonely characters feel they can confide in Lennie, as they know he will not tell anyone. Crooks is treated as an outcast due to the perspective of race and black people of the time. Black people were seen as outcasts that had no right to mix with the whites. Curley is a small ex-boxer. He is one of the most violent characters on the ranch. He hopes that by being violent and aggressive towards the weaker characters, he will gain authority. He however avoids those he considers to be strong and with authority, such as Slim. He sees everyone with a lower status and sees people as a hierarchy. ‘He wore a work glove on his left hand, and, like the boss, he wore high-heeled boots. According to Candy, the work glove that Curley wears is full of Vaseline to keep his hands soft for his wife. The high-heeled boots give signs of status and height. A debatable character is Slim, is he lonely, does he feel isolated? Because of his calm attitude and natural authority, the less lonely characters rely on him. He is understanding and kind, which is why George tells him of the incide nt in Weed. He does not seem to have a friend, does that mean he has resigned? There is however some hope for him after Lennie is shot, he is the one who comforts George and tells him he done the right thing. You hadda, George. I swear you hadda. Come on with me. ’ The book begins with a calm and peaceful setting of nature. ‘A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops close to the hill-side and runs deeps and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool. ’ This shows the peaceful world of nature, it is very calm and tranquil. The pool shows signs of innocence, as it is only a branch of the Salinas River. The river is a sign of the secrets and the future in nature and the novel. The deep green makes it unable to see the riverbed; this shows signs of a faint and perhaps a dangerous view of the future. Despite the movement and the motion of the river, there are still signs of loneliness; there is only the cyclical of nature. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the setting is sophisticated and formal. ‘On the sand-banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little grey, sculptured stones†¦from the direction of the state highway came the sound of footsteps†¦the rabbits hurried noiselessly for cover. ‘For a moment the place was lifeless, and then two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool’ This shows the peaceful world of nature being disturbed by man. The rabbits sensed the presence of danger and hurried away, it is a movement from harmony to discord. There is a contrast between man and nature. The rabbits sat quietly without making a lot of movement and noise, whilst George and Lennie emerge and break the peace. The peace of nature is also disturbed at the end when Lennie is shot. The pool is described as an innocent place; it reflects Lennie’s innocence. There is however, senses of loneliness as neither George nor Lennie speak, there are no sounds of nature from when they emerge. The pool is still and the wind has stopped rustling through the leaves. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the landscape and a character is contrasted with the way the characters speak. The characters use American colloquial slang. The characters also speak of being lonely and wanting companionship. Steinbeck pays attention to the description of the characters; he mainly concentrates on the hands. Lennie’s hands are described as paws, Candy’s has one missing, Curley’s keeps his left hand in a glove, Crooks’ palms are noted (colour). George has strong but small hands, Slim hands are mentioned and Curley’s wife’s hands are only described in terms of fingernails. Steinbeck presents the theme of loneliness through the characters. The language he uses to describe the landscape and characters show signs of loneliness. The character’s past reflect their loneliness and the death of both Candy’s dog and Lennie create the major theme of loneliness. Nature and animals play a large role in the story, the main comparison of man and nature is when Lennie is described as a bear. ‘He walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. ’ Steinbeck wants to show the size and strength of Lennie therefore he compares him to a bear. The book was written during the 1930s during the Great Depression. This was a difficult time for America and its people; Steinbeck shows the fear of the Depression by having the men all work together. No matter how much the men on the ranch stick together and some may support each other, they are still lonely. How to cite Mice and Men – Loneliness, Papers

HR Functions in Multinational Corporation

Question: Discuss about the HR Functions in Multinational Corporation. Answer: Introduction: The theoretical concepts concerning the supervision of Human Resources point to the explicit attitudes and principles of management. These are based on the sensitivity of treatment of individuals in wide-ranging formulae of existence. The realistic insinuation of the philosophies of overseeing and controlling the human capital boons compact circumstantial settings. It differentiates the virtues of persons in diverse disciplines. The occupations are apportioned according to the entitlements and experience of miscellaneous assortment of applicants who propose to exhibit their presentations in and outer the performing zones of the association (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The Business unit endeavors to harvest seamless strategies of endowed dispositions to contest with the competing entities and depict their competences while choosing and employing the persons. The hassles and outlooks of the group are satisfied in accordance with the explanation of the potentials of the wide-ranging af filiates of the comprehensive set. Significance of HRM with elements of International desirability: The communal and human resource organization largely compacts with the managerial influences of representing the strategies, scheduling and positioning of diverse movements obligatory for actual administration of the group. The goals and purposes of the dissimilar allies of the association are directed by the principled, legitimate, societal, ecological, and technological factors in addition to shared ties which deliver the outline of the physiognomies of the recognized individuals. The engagement and staffing events are demonstrated from end to end with the profitable submission of possessions and technical foundation of the collective procedure of the structural efforts. In the contemporary domain, there are amenities of the integration of commissioning of diverse group of establishments that embrace the accountability of deciding on the suitable candidates (Banfield and Kay, 2012). The achievement of the duties are a bsorbed by the supervision over the progressive packages, obtaining of ideals, endowment of exercise, inspiration, preservation of talented workforces, arrangement of reimbursement facilities, welfares, distribution of gratuities besides other amenities, remuneration scheme and many other significant issues. The challenging boldness is momentously enthused by the methods of protracted tenure of supportable endeavors of the group and groundwork of the associates of the efficient constituents prepared by interactive conferences. The impeccable styles of traditions of teaching institute frame the comportment and insolences to complete the assignments in the preferred routine and sustain the actions of the association (Anastasia, 2014). The aptitudes of governance of behavior and latent prospects of the personalities are scrutinized by the regulation of the specialists who are permitted to impart the vital feelings of awareness and cultural sectors to mature the lucid and methodical vie wpoint. The diverse styles of treatises and discussions, interactive events, computerized presentations of screening of programs, workshops and conferences are principally validated for the miscellaneous set of movements. International Corporate strategies: The international HR unit of the multinational organizations like Woolworths, Wesfarmers, Larsen and Toubro, Coca cola etc. upholds a range of the wide-ranging contenders conferring to the responsibilities and experiences. The entrants nominated for the particular professions may be well-versed concerning the conversational elements through correspondences referred to them. This conveys the presumptuous pattern of the European and Australian approaches to organize for the collaborative conferences of vulnerable considerations and conventions to have unblemished visualizations of the policies of employments (Dowling et al. 2013). It is mandatory to execute the accomplishments at the concluding phase of assortments for the suitable applicants through several sequences of surveys being systematized by the entity. Their designations are encompassed in the grade of potential competitors within the subdivision of the proposals for the assumed positions. There are discrete groupings of classifying the persons to determine the range of localities to gain the apportionment of positions bestowing to their necessities. The diverse individuals can shift to the superior stratums at undisputable zones while they are set up to be skilled for allotment of the position. There are wide-ranging methods of assessment of routines of activities centered on surveys and subjective standings, proactive understandings at different establishments (Farndale, 2010). The advancement of the personalities and the endowment of re- division of workforces and the operatives at dissimilar positions are agreed in accordance with the contemporary fashions of mechanization in Rio Tinto, TCS, Common wealth Bank of Australia and other renowned organizations. This customary stable group of forces is designated to achieve the measures of joblessness and the promoting amenities shape up and about a stage of empowerment of structures of putative insinuations that highlig ht the approaches of hindrances for the peripheral entrants. It constructs the outcomes to generate a competitive field amid the staffs to exhibit their values. The regulations of the management control the group to choose the staffs and personnel from the discreet sections of the community irrespective of classes and principles (www.Gifre.org, 2016). Figure: International Corporate strategies of Operative System (Source: www.ocl.ac, 2016) The females have progressed to look forward rendering to the modern measurements of the examination of the hypothetical accomplishments in diverse arenas of trainings organized by the distinct institutes such as Tesco, TCS, Telstra etc. The specified merits are precisely and considerably exaggerated by the encounter of insolences in no upgrading of state of affairs wherever the participants have no alternative to conquest but constructing their speculative or practiced vocation (Machado, 2015). The intelligence and spirits of indiscreet topographies of the psychological elements edge the individuals who are moderately cognizant of the physical, societal, commercial and legitimate settings. The Australian in addition to European or American or further traditional inspirations of other westernized continental regions ensure amazing influence upon the republics of Asian Nations. The refinement of eastern constituencies is progressively assuming the western assortments of decision of revelation and principles to authenticate the indispensable features and desires of life with the elevation of technological domain as seen in the units of Coca Cola, Larsen and Toubro, Vodafone, ANZ Banking group and so on. The International guidelines of HRM of the multinational giants have exasperated to breach the proficiency services to distinguish the dominant potentials and talents to direct the projections of the males and females and make them outshine in their corresponding occupations. The pioneering assets deliver exclusivity to evaluate the aptitudes veiled in them. The outlooks of self-cognizance, self-reliance, and self-esteems categorically launch the intents of precedence to a ccomplish the stresses of the delicate abilities on top of specialized life (Schmitt, 2012). Functions of IHRM: The Enterprises view on the amassing and enlargement packages to conquest in the global achievement in the arena of the accurate selection of personnel. The claimants are usually well skilled and scientifically comprehensive to bump into the benchmarks of recruitment procedure. There are distinguished zones of the purposes achieved by the persons to accomplish economic benefits. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), the preoccupation of newfangled staffs comprising both the sexual category generates the groundwork of the appointments mandatory to execute the manifold tasks on the way to the occupational hunts of the association. The course of seamless preparation and developmental conveniences generate a pleasant background of the dynamic entity. Mathis and Jackson (2011) specified that the backup of manpower for teaching and growth edifies the autonomy of venture to intensify the production events and the impeccable stream of the accessible resources to upsurge the surface of fabrication lengthways with the contribution of the accomplices as found in TCS, Common wealth Bank of Australia, National Australian Bank, Westpac Banking Corporation, Telstra etc. On the way to the renovated development of didactic accomplishments and systematic flairs with corresponding review of the quality of service, a reasonable and cost-effective growth of human resource requires to preserve the crucial origins and convince the advancement of the group. In accordance with the requirements of the industry as well as the culture, the manpower is correspondingly embroidered by the outline of a set of flexible working principles th at profoundly stimulates and arouses the employed assemblage to analyze the conduit of the leadership policies (Nixon et al. 2012). The staffs usually undergo enthusiastic exercise to nurture the values of proficiency besides inter communication abilities to interchange their visualization and opinions. The introverted insolence of specific workforces might be constrained out with the candidness of interface amid the supervisors and the organization. The workers hit the books to cherish the influences of cooperative method and team effort that position on the remarkable strategies of leadership elegances of the counselor. The spectacles of attaining competitive enhancement of the Australian, European besides American businesses have lengthened added aptitude in founding a robust point in the international marketplace. The compensation scheme has been an operational apparatus of the cumulative standard of the rewarded personnel who attempt to accomplish a contented space in the professional establishment. According to Olsen and Stensaker, (2013), the dictatorial panache of realizing the recompenses in the procedur e of persuasive chases is being progressively substituted by the sharing modification of performances and depictions within Australian and specific parts of European segments of the commercial subdivision that have ensured prodigious industrial evolution. There are numerous monetary and non-commercial remuneration arrangements being hurled by administrations to generate sufficient choice to the personnel. The applicants of the group are empowered to attain the legitimate and communal safety in the footholds of recompenses (Philip and Sharma, 2013). The payments and allowance structures are the beneficial procedures of extending patronage to the current and senior or retired personnel. This roots the sensation of great psychological serenity to all groups of employees and the organization for fashioning the balances of restored desires and upgraded pattern of existence. The professional unions of trading units ensure an intense inspiration to realize mutual objectives of cohesive sys tem in the direction of upliftment of protection models for rationalized and revamped eminence to come upon the entreaties of the societies. (Source: Slideshare.net. 2016) Figure: Performance appraisal procedures as per country level assessments with mean values (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Figure: Cohesive appraisal method (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Challenges: The bosses need to be well equipped and directed by a squad of specialists to assemble the forum for the fresh individuals. The inquiry form needs to have an ingenious structure fabricated on the prerequisite aptitudes of the perceptions of the profession. The all-embracing employees affianced in divergent accomplishments ought to lean towards succeeding the configuration of operational strategies of the people concomitant with higher loci. The aims and intents of the specific provisions of the responsibilities are essential to be noticeably anticipated by the knowledgeable supervisors and adherents of the group who articulates the valuation tests while scrutinizing the names of conceivable contenders. The orientation of the personnel with the detection of references has remained an imperative characteristic of the professional corporations to sustain the contestants while experiencing the footsteps of assortment technique (Mazenod, 2013). The operative announcements with governance and occupational packages led by the professional groups to collect the statistics and facts of the budding and subsequent competitors requires to speed up the proficiency of absolute learners of engineering, technical, executive, commercial and other categories of trainees. Above and beyond, the initiation of numerous gratifying and creative advocating packages is required to synchronize and locate to mark the real-world standard in accordance with the vital capabilities. However, the breach between the sensible solutions and conjectural awareness are essential to be cautiously evaluated by the recruiter and organization of applicable preparation ought to be delivered (www.Gifre.org, 2016). The accessible commercials of the assortment benchmarks present false presentations of aspirants with fabricated personalities which do not occur. The applicants sometimes portray identical documentations with extraordinary experiences to augment the subjective silhouette. It detects the landscape of characters and damages the stature of the business. The discomfiture or any kind of erotic attack with the dissimilar class of staffs and the workforces generate the key concern of the range of the corresponding staff. The cultural multiplicity amongst the countries recognizes the disparity of the arrangement of recompenses and suppleness in supervision of the possessions and treating the lineups for functioning (Schmitt, 2012). Figure: Features of Talent Management (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Figure: Acknowledgement of Trade Union as per national level investigation (Source: www.unisa.edu.au, 2016). Inference: The traditional variances amid the divergent compasses of all-purpose changes of portrayals and events of operational elegances are significantly driven by the values of modification standards and obligation toward the accomplishment of practical purposes of the institute. The various classes of actions are entrenched within the directed strategies and performances to accord with discrete procedures of operative circumstances. The globalization system of the custom and artistic features of the preparation and authorization of the employees are enormously cultivated by the forecasts of collective methods (Armstrong, 2010). The different ideas of the traditional scopes are re organized by the amalgamated approaches between the discrete shares of the contributing grounds of the domestic as well as universal savor. The competences and educational practices are merged to produce creative development of the diverse employees related to the commercial domain. The participants are desirable to professionally bring about the undertakings of the group with melodious rapport amid each other. The malleable manner of communication to interrelate with every one indicates the unadulterated roads of impending evolution and enlargement. References Anastasia, P. (2014) 'European Judicial Training: Promoting The Development Of Standardized Training Materials And An Interactive Training Methodology'. ERA Forum 15(3), pp. 319-324. Armstrong, M and Taylor, S. (2014) Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 13th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Armstrong, M. (2010) Armstrong's Essential Human Resource Management Practice: a guide to people management. London: Kogan Page Limited Banfield, P. and Kay, R. (2012) Introduction to Human Resource Management, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press Dowling, P., Marion F., and Allen D. (2013) International Human Resource Management. Andover: Cengage Learning Farndale, E. (2010) 'Context-Bound Configurations Of Corporate HR Functions In Multinational Corporations'. Human Resource Management 49(1), pp. 45-66. Machado, C (2015) International Human resource Management: challenges and changes Springer Mathis, R. L. and Jackson, J. H. (2011) Human Resource Management: Essential Perspectives, 4th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Mazenod, A. (2013) 'Engaging Employers In Workplace Training - Lessons From The English Train To Gain Programme'. International Journal of Training and Development 18(1), pp.53-65. Nixon, P., Harrington, M., and Parker, D. (2012) 'Leadership Performance Is Significant To Project Success Or Failure: A Critical Analysis'. Int J Productivity Perf Mgmt 61(2), pp. 204-216. Olsen, TH., and Stensaker, I. (2013) 'A Change-Recipient Perspective On Training During Organizational Change'. International Journal of Training and Development 18(1) pp. 22-36. Panda, S. and Sahoo, C. (2015) 'Strategic Talent Development Interventions: An Analysis'. Industrial and Commercial Training 47(1), pp. 15-22. Philip, A., and Sharma, S. (2013) 'A Stochastic Reward Net Approach For Reliability Analysis Of A Flexible Manufacturing Module'. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 4(3), pp. 293-302. Schmitt, N. (2012) The Oxford Handbook of Personnel Assessment and Selection, Oxford: Oxford University Press Slideshare.net. (2016). International Human Resource Management. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/poojabharti7/international-human-resource-management-41915539 [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. www.Gifre.org, (2016) 'Global Institute For Research Education (GIFRE): Employee perception about effectiveness of organizational culture: A study of Land T LTD Available in https://www.gifre.org/admin/papers/gjcmp/perception-vol-3-1-gjcmp.pdf [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. www.osu.edu, (2016), Competency Model Extension Human Resources, Available in https://extensionhr.osu.edu/compmodel/compmodel.htm [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. www.unisa.edu.au, (2016). [online] A profile of Human Resource Management in multinational enterprises operating In Australia Available at: https://www.unisa.edu.au/Global/business/centres/chrm/docs/projects/intrepid/Australia11_MNE_Report_Final.pdf [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016].

Reflective Account - nursing free essay sample

This essay demonstrates the significant learning that resulted as a consequence of using critical reflection on my practice. The reflective process helped me to realise how my practice needed to change after I experienced a personal and practice-related issue during and after my clinical placement. Reflective practice is an important component of all nurse education programmes. The Nursing and Midwifery Councils (NMC) The Code: Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for nurses and Midwives (NMC, 2008), states that nurses must continue to keep knowledge and skills up to date during their professional careers. Reflection can improve a nurses repertoire of skills (Matthews, 2004). Reflection is a term much talked about yet there is no single, universally agreed definition (Chirema, 2007). However, there are many prominent thinkers and writers in the area who have made considerable contributions to the ongoing dialogue. As a learning process, reflecting on practice and turning experience into learning requires a framework or model in which to understand the experience and make sense of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This may include other people with whom to interact and share experiences with. Indeed, much of the literature enthusiastically encourages reflection on experiences in nursing. It expects that by doing so, it will improve the professionalism of the practitioner by automatically transferring the new knowledge, skills and expertise into practice (Wallace, 2010). After trialling a few models of reflection, I eventually settled on Gibbs (1988) model (refer to figure 1). I find this a simple and easy to use model and it suited my personal style of learning. However, reflection often reveals shortcomings and it has potential to leave the practitioner feeling insecure and demotivated. Yet OCallaghans (2005) reflective writing described how a student managed to break down ritualistic practice in wound dressings and improve the patient’s recovery with evidence-based practice. Mooney and Nolan (2006) claim that reflection helps nurses to better understand and build on a body of nursing knowledge, which benefits the profession. Figure 1 Gibbs’ (1988) Reflection Cycle Reflection of any sort is difficult: it requires the learning of new skills that may lead to positive outcomes. It demands effort, ongoing commitment and motivation in order to prioritise an additional work activity in an already demanding role as a children’s nurse (Schutz et al, 2004; Schon, 1991; Argyris, 1999; Marcos et al, 2009). There has been a growing concern among many employers of registered nurses that new recruits lack the ability to think critically and broadly about their work (Castledine, 2010). This could be due to the difficulties mentioned and the personal nature of reflection and so may be a barrier to truthfully accounting the story (Schutz et al, 2004). As a previously experienced nurse, this was a major dilemma in my own reflective writing. I was, in effect, exposing my failings to a total stranger. However, I decided to be as truthful as possible in order for the process to work. What happened (my story)? The focus for my reflection was post-appendectomy care. In my placement, I nursed a female teenager through an appendectomy. Within a month I had to undergo the same procedure myself. Appendectomy is a common treatment performed on the children’s ward where I undertook my placement. This is usually carried out by laparoscopic surgery. Advice that I gave pre- and post-operatively to the child and parents/carers are included in the care plans, pre-operative care and post-operative care which can be found in appendices one, two and three. For the first stage of the cycle, Gibbs encourages a description of the events. What was I thinking and feeling? When I gave the pre- and post-operative advice to the teenager and her mother I felt as though I was doing a good job. I was following the plans and procedures. My supervisor was happy. However, once I had undergone the whole experience of having a retrograde appendix removed myself, I discovered that the pre-operative preparation and post-operative care that was given to me, and I myself would have given something similar, inadequate. Although my experience as an adult on an adult ward would have been slightly different to the teenager that I cared for, the principles of care are similar. Differences in care may have been due to staff-patient ratios and policies around visiting and family-centred care. In my experience I suffered an inability to cough, anorexia, changes in taste and diet, being limited in walking and mobilising and general and mental malaise. I even surprised myself by worrying about my body image due to the size of the scar on my abdomen. Although these experiences were personal to me, I assumed that many of these conditions and thoughts are typical and would have been equally suffered by the teenager that I cared for. Nothing was mentioned at any time to me pre- or post-operatively about any of these experiences. I never saw any leaflets at the time of my appendectomy but I discovered a patient information leaflet for the Gloucestershire Health Community regarding coughing after surgery. It states that it is important that you can cough post-operatively so that you can clear any phlegm that has accumulated whilst being intubated during surgery. It gives you guidance on how to get rid of phlegm comfortably. I can honestly state that I have never been instructed to talk to a patient about this in the two hospitals that I have worked in and therefore I have never considered it has a significant problem. I have observed it in patients but it has been brushed aside has a minor nuisance due to the tubing used in the anaesthetic. I have in the past encouraged a teenager to cough holding a pillow to their wound but that was pretty much it. To my embarrassment, I took the lead from my colleagues. However, I now know from my own personal experience, that the process of being able to cough and clear phlegm is a bigger problem than most nurses’ think. It used to be that a child would not be able to commence food and fluids for a few days in order to enable the bowel to regain normal function. However, now there are no dietary restrictions but children are recommended to eat lightly for the first day or two and if nausea or vomiting occurs, they are encouraged to stick with clear liquids until it passes. I suffered with dreadful nausea (I believe this was due to the antibiotics) and this was not helped with being positioned in a bay with other patients that were eating or one patient in particular that had a bowel condition that meant that he had to sit on a commode for lengthy periods. What was also less appreciated by me is that the body appears to go through a detoxification process. After one week of eating very little and losing about 8lbs due to the ongoing nausea, my palate had adjusted and I couldn’t bear to eat the foods that I was used to. A favourite curry tasted that someone had literally poured a tablespoon of salt onto it! I couldn’t bear anything other than ice cream and water. This second stage of the Gibbs cycle provides a section to explore how I felt and the thoughts I had. This section was the most important part of my exploration and learning process. My comments were not directly restricted to my thinking and feeling. It felt natural to analyse my incident and evaluate it, supported by evidenced-based research. What were the thoughts and feelings of others involved? How do you know? The teenager that underwent the appendectomy was clearly in pain, despite analgesia following examination, and was clearly concerned about the forthcoming operation. It was clear because of the questions that they were asking and their body language. Preventing distress for children, young people and their carers when they are admitted to hospital is a fundamental goal of childrens nursing. Glasper and Richardson (2005) state that children, young people and their families need to know what is going to happen and how it is going to happen. Vague and unclear information is far more upsetting than what is known and understood. Surgery is a planned procedure which aids itself very well to good preparation. This helps children to cope, reducing anxiety and allowing them to know exactly what to expect, such as what will happen post-appendectomy. Thus, at the time, I followed this advice. I felt that I adequately prepared the teenager that underwent the appendectomy and her mother for this procedure. My supervisor was alongside me and appeared happy with everything that I had done in my caring for the teenager and her mother. I had given detailed information about what was going to happen and answered all of their questions comprehensively. The third section of the Gibbs process required me to look into what others thought. As such it demanded that I put myself in their shoes. This stage is incredibly useful because it allowed me to reflect on what I observed e. g. body language, the things that were said, and the way I might have viewed things if I was in their situation. I was able to analyse how I perceived the motives and reactions of others. What other options were open to me? I do not feel that many other options were open to me when caring for the teenager at that time. I had nursed many, many teenagers through appendectomies and despite being supervised through this caring situation, nothing much had changed since I was nursing full-time. What would I do if the situation arose again? I feel I need to re-learn and understand more about the dilemmas of children and their families/carers when going through any period of hospitalisation. Clearly, dealing properly with the aftermath of abdominal surgery is important; it has significant implications, not only for physiological reasons, but also from a psychological perspective e. g. considering the wound. The nursing process was the first move towards a systematic way of assessing the patient’s nursing problems, their priorities, reasons for nursing interventions and care. This was closely followed by the process of setting standards and carrying out quality assurance measures to see if the quality of nursing care had been achieved. Although all these attempts have tried to encourage more critical thinking in nursing, there is still a problem in getting nurses to break away from the comforts of routine and become more assertive in their contribution to the health team’s decisions (Castledine, 2010). A lot is written about ‘nursing rituals’. The term ‘ritual’ is often used in a derogatory sense in nursing literature to refer to unthinking, routine actions by nurses, which lacks any empirical foundation. For example, Walsh and Ford (1989): â€Å"The nurse does something because this is the way it has always been done. † I believe that nursing care plans are an example of this routine behaviour. I believe that I have been following the same nursing plan for pre- and post-appendectomy care for many years. They have changed recently but the change is minimal and only includes appendectomies carried out via keyhole operations or the insertion of a three-fibre optic camera through the stomach (laparoscopy). Therefore, my first step would be to re-look at the nursing care plans on the ward. I have included the care plan used on the ward that I was placed on in appendix 1. As you can see, this is a generic form used and nursing staff are able to add plans to suit different types of general surgery. I believe that it would be more efficient to include specific care plans for the more common types of surgeries seen on the ward, appendectomies included. A letter published in a popular nursing journal: â€Å"Nurses who believe that nursing care is all about managing drips and administering medicines are nothing more than technicians†¦It is inexcusable to concentrate on the technical and give care without empathy, touch or time to talk† (Bolger,  2007). The nurses that ‘cared’ for me were guilty of being ‘technicians’. I believe that empathy, touch and time to talk should be emphasised more and clearly written in the care plans. I personally tried to look at the teenager as an individual and not as a condition. I feel that the care plans should reflect this. For example, a discussion about the wound should be more in depth and the female teenagers response noted for future intervention. Evidence-based practice encourages observable and measurable assessment and evaluation through quantitative means (Taylor, 2006). It requires that decisions based about health care are based on the best available and most up-to-date evidence. Nurses must also be able to scrutinise research findings to evaluate their clinical applicability, and use clinical practice guidelines to disseminate proven and therapeutic knowledge (Timmermans and Berg, 2003). It is my intention that the care of children undergoing any form of treatment, appendectomies included, is based on current evidence and experiences that includes those of the children nursed. In the fifth and final stage of the Gibbs reflective process, I was able to explore the implications of following nursing rituals and inadequate nursing plans and care. I hope to apply what I have learnt from my own personal experience to future situations through redesigning leaflets, care plans and considering the environment that the children are nursed in.

Jeb Bush Net Worth

Jeb Bush Net Worth Jeb Bushs net worth is at least $19 million and as much as $22 million, according to tax returns made public by his presidential campaign in 2015 and public remarks by his aides. The disclosures showed Jeb Bushs net worth grew dramatically in the eight years of private-sector work following his departure as governor of Florida in 2007. Sources of Net Worth in Financial Industry Bush has earned his money in the private sector from speaking and consulting work in the financial services industry, including private equity. Among the firms hes been associated with are  Lehman Brothers and Barclays. Bush was worth only $1.3 million when he left the Florida governors mansion in 2007. He  was paid more than $28 million since leaving office, according to a New York Times analysis in 2014. That included $3.2 million from serving on the boards of public companies and giving more than 100 speeches for which he was paid at least $50,000 each. His pursuit of wealth is well documented and will likely become a point of contention should he seek any public office in the future. Why a Large Net Worth Can Be Bad In Politics Bushs net worth became an issue for him in the 2016 presidential race. Thats because of his reported aggressive quest for wealth in the years since he left the governors mansion in Florida. Some political analysts said they believed Bush would face similar hurdles connecting to middle-class Americans as did 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, one of the wealthiest candidates to seek the White House in modern history. â€Å"Running as the second coming of Mitt Romney is not a credential that’s going to play anywhere, with Republicans or Democrats. Not only would this be problematic on the campaign trail, I think it also signals someone who isn’t seriously looking at the presidency or he wouldn’t have gone down this path,†Ã‚  Republican consultant  John Brabender told Bloomberg Politics in 2014. Jeb Bush Takes Flack For Rush to Make Money Bush entered the Florida governors mansion in 1999 worth about $2 million, according to published reports detailing his personal finances. In his eight years as governor, Bush would tell reporters his family finances suffered because of his public service, according to the Tampa Bay Times. He left office with a net worth of $1.3 million. In their book about the 2012 presidential campaign, Double Down, journalists  Mark Halperin and John Heilemann describe Bushs quest for wealth as a driving factor behind his decision not to seek the Republican nomination that year. He said he wanted to pursue greater wealth instead. The former Florida governor was telling everyone the same thing hed told Romney: he planned to stay on the bench. It wasnt so much concerns about a Bush hangover that were keeping Jeb there. It was his bank account. You dont understand, Bush would say to the Republican poo-bahs begging him to run. I was in the real-estate development business in my state. There was a huge bubble, but I missed out because I was governor for eight years. So Im starting from scratch. If, God forbid, Im in an accident tomorrow- Im in a wheelchair drooling, saliva coming from my mouth- whos going to take care of me? What are my wife and kids going to do? Ive got to look after my family. This is my chance to do it.

Examine the general differences between quantitative and qualitative Essay

Examine the general differences between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. What are the advantages when employing them in combination - Essay Example For instance, three professionals in research methodology offer that quantitative research seeks the â€Å"quantification of parameters such as number, size, connectivity, and the spatial arrangement of the different components of the structure under study† (Evans, Janson & Nyengaard, 2004: 87). In this definition, quantification essentially suggests a confirmation by utilising various research instruments designed to provide, in the broadest hope, irrefutable evidence that certain events related to the research topic can be correlated or proven to be accurate. Perhaps a more appropriate method to describe quantitative research is to recognise how various business and organisational researchers measure change over time. By adopting a longitudinal study, quantitative research methods can be utilised in a study programme which measures the impact of organisational change on various employees (the sample population). For instance, the utilisation of surveys or closed-ended questionnaires distributed to the appropriate sample group prior to the implementation of an organisational change initiative can measure pre-existing attitudes using a numerical or statistical approach to data analysis to determine whether a noticeable trend in employee behaviours exists. After the implementation of the change programme, similar survey instruments can be distributed to the same sample group to determine whether attitudes have changed over time. Thus, in this scenario, quantitative research provides a numerical representation for elements of human behaviour and avoiding issues of subjective analysis (which can be questioned by peer researchers) because the data returned is quite concrete. The measurement of outcomes associated with change are often important research areas in nearly all scientific disciplines (Duncan, 1999: 114). Thus, when attempting to link particular subject behaviours with elements of their general environment,

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Writer's choice - Essay Example In this essay I will identify similarities and differences between European colonists and indigenous Native American ethnic groups and analyze how the most significant differences between European and Native American cultures made the conflict of two civilizations inevitable. Before the first Europeans settlers stepped on the American land, it was inhabited with more than 500 Native American tribes speaking more than 300 languages.1 In fact, Native Americans had lived in South, Central and North Americas for thousands of years already; they had their own culture, system of religious beliefs and effective societal organization. Some indigenous tribes were sedentary, while others were nomads. Many Native American ethnic groups, like Hurons and Iroquois for instance, were engaged in rivalry between each other, which made them quite similar to European colonialists that came from different competing countries. However, there were more differences between Native Americans and European newcomers than similarities. There is no doubt that European colonialists represented a much more advanced civilization. The technologies they brought to America with them impressed indigenous tribes a lot as the latter had never seen anything like that before (for instance, wea ponry, ships, household goods etc.). Europeans had showed Native American Indians how to handle horses, use cattle, taught how to operate firearms and a lot more. On the other hand, Europeans were impressed and surprised by the way Native American societies were organized because it was strikingly different from what the newcomers used to see back in Europe. The societies were bound by kingship and extended family ties. The societal organization of most of Native American tribes was matrilineal. Women owned the property and did agricultural work, while men were in charge of hunting and defense of

The Spread of the Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The Spread of the Renaissance Essay What do Da Vinci, Petrarch, Alberti, Erasmus and Shakespeare have in common? More than just being from Europe, these great men of arts and literature all flourished during the Medieval Ages. They are all product of the renaissance period and greatly enriched the development of philosophy and humanism during this period right after the Dark Ages. Renaissance, which literally means â€Å"rebirth† in French, was a cultural movement in Europe. This era took place mainly in Italy then later spread throughout Europe from 14th to 17th centuries. Generally, it was characterized by the revival of learning based on classical sources in the fields of philosophy, religion, politics, literature, arts and science. The primary subject of renaissance was humanism. People believed in the active search for knowledge instead of accepting what already existed (â€Å"Renaissance†, 2007). It was the time when the ancient Greek and Roman literature were rediscovered and relearned. The recovery was headed by Giovanni Boccaccio and Francesco Petrarch. Instead of writing in Latin, which was the lingua franca of the church and the elite during that era, these writers wrote in Italian. This paved the way for other writers succeeding them to follow their beginning. These writers wrote epic poems all in Italian. In Italy, the spread of public knowledge in religious and secular understanding was due to the establishments of public libraries and translation of classical Latin works into vernaculars. One significant work was that of Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, which gave light to a study of modern politics. The spread of Renaissance in other parts of Europe came in the mid-15th to 16th century. It was exported to France by King Charles the VIII after he invaded Italy. The exportation included Italian artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Francois Rebelais, Pierre de Ronsard and Michael de Mantaigne. Da Vinci, on one hand, has built for France spectacular palaces. He was renowned for his great works like Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, two artistic renditions that has transpired through ages. He had become one of the famous icons of the Renaissance. The wave also reached Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Spain and Germany though the centers of this movement came to be France and England. In England, more than simply the expansion of the arts, Renaissance also impacted the religious practices and beliefs. The period is closely related to the Protestant Reformation that divided the powerful Roman Catholic Church. The reformation led by Martin Luther brought forth the creation of other religious movements — Calvinism, Presbyterianism, Anabaptism and Anglicanism. On the other hand, writers like William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, John Milton and Edmund Spencer gave life the English literature. Shakespeare has already become the greatest embodiment of classical English literature. The Renaissance Age truly gave birth to new understanding of previously acclaimed knowledge of the arts. Furthermore, it has paved a way for more knowledge and ideas to flourish. Not only that the Italians are the masters that provided inspiration (â€Å"Defining the Renaissance†, 2007) but it had come to give justice to the arts of other countries. Though it was mainly focused in Europe, the effect, impact and influence of the era has traversed many continents, races and generations. The movements, products, inventions and ideologies that were created during that era are still regarded until this present to be the exemplary and catalyst for the current movements. The Modern era has been greatly influenced by this period of history. References: Renaissance. (2007). Research Machines. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0011726.html Defining the Renaissance (2007). Looking at the Renaissance. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/renaissance2/defining.htm

The Victims of Elder Abuse Essay -- Elderly Abuse Crisis

Elder abuse has been present in society from past times. Evidence of elder abuse can be found in Shakespeare writings and literature, and also in Greek mythology. Despite its’ constant presence throughout time, it is only recently that serious attention has been given to elderly violence. The main reason for the new recognition of this old problem is the increasing number of aging Americans. (National Center for Victims of Crime). Elderly abuse in modern times is more prevalent that in ancient times, because of the few that were tasked with the duties. In past generations, the duties of caring for the elderly were shared among the members of large extended families. However, due to the emergence of a strained economy, and smaller nuclear families there is less time and family members to care for the elders within each family. The definition for elderly abuse varies from state to state within the US. A common middle ground in all definitions is that elderly abuse is an y physical, psychological, or maternal abuse towards an elderly person. In summary, it is the violation of the elder’s rights to safety, security and adequate healthcare. (Wyandt). Due to the various definitions of elderly abuse across the board, the act has been categorized in different typologies. Physical abuse, Verbal/Psychological abuse and Financial abuse are three main types of elderly abuse. TYPES OF ELDER ABUSE The physical abuse of elderly may include restraining, slapping, hitting, bruising, and other forms of physical abuse that result in pain or injury, sexual abuse, sexually molestation, and rape. Verbal abuse or psychological abuse usually involves inflicting mental anguish, humiliation, intimidation, yelling, and threats. Keeping an ... ...ca." National Research Council (U.S.). Panel to Review Risk and Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2003. 238-240. †¢ Hudson, M. F. and J. R. Carlson. "Elder abuse: Expert and public perspectives on its meaning." Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 9.4 (1998): 77-97. †¢ Hudson, Margaret F, et al. "The Gerontologist." Elder Abuse: Two Native American Views 1998, 38 ed.: 538-548. †¢ Le, Q. K. "Mistreatment of Vietnamese elderly by their families in the United States." Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 9.2 (1997): 51-62. †¢ National Center for Victims of Crime. ELDER ABUSE. 2004. 07 MAR 2010 . †¢ Wyandt, A. Mary. "A Review of Elder Abuse Literature: An Age Old Problem Brought to Light." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2.3 (2004): 40-52.

Healthsouth Fraud

An obstacle to Aaron Beam’s moral behavior is when he moved some of the businesses start up costs as expenses and list them as capital investments, which inflates the company profit margins. Beam initially did this because of the pressure from Scrushy to make the company appear more profitable. Then the cycle continues. The way I understand the meaning of the â€Å"loyal agent’s argument† is that you do what you are instructed to do by your employer regardless. However, I do not believe Aaron Bean could or should have used the loyal agent’s argument to defend his actions.The only way possible would have been because his boss, Scrushy pressured him into â€Å"cooking the books† so to speak. Based on our text, Beam knew he was stretching the truth because he continued to believe that the investors had to have some kind of knowledge of what he was doing. According to my understanding of the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral development, I would place Beam in Level Two; Stage Three: Interpersonal Concordance Orientation, based on how he conforms to how Scrushy expects him to act.It is important for a person in this stage to feel well liked and I believe Beam needed that validation I found identifying a stage for Scrushy to be more difficult. Based on the information I would pick Level One: Stage Two: Instrumental and Relative Orientation primarily because Scrushy ultimately gets what he wants. He will use the system or manipulate people to fulfill his own needs. Healthsouth Fraud An obstacle to Aaron Beam’s moral behavior is when he moved some of the businesses start up costs as expenses and list them as capital investments, which inflates the company profit margins. Beam initially did this because of the pressure from Scrushy to make the company appear more profitable. Then the cycle continues. The way I understand the meaning of the â€Å"loyal agent’s argument† is that you do what you are instructed to do by your employer regardless. However, I do not believe Aaron Bean could or should have used the loyal agent’s argument to defend his actions.The only way possible would have been because his boss, Scrushy pressured him into â€Å"cooking the books† so to speak. Based on our text, Beam knew he was stretching the truth because he continued to believe that the investors had to have some kind of knowledge of what he was doing. According to my understanding of the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral development, I would place Beam in Level Two; Stage Three: Interpersonal Concordance Orientation, based on how he conforms to how Scrushy expects him to act.It is important for a person in this stage to feel well liked and I believe Beam needed that validation I found identifying a stage for Scrushy to be more difficult. Based on the information I would pick Level One: Stage Two: Instrumental and Relative Orientation primarily because Scrushy ultimately gets what he wants. He will use the system or manipulate people to fulfill his own needs.

Is Enough Being Done to Preserve Languages? Essay

Throughout history the world has consisted of many cultures and languages, some of them have been dominant, some of them have been minor. Until the 20th century global and minority languages have continued a peaceful coexistence that has provided cultural diversity for the Earth. In the present this balance has been broken and most of indigenous languages tend to disappear. Although worldwide scientists do not spare efforts to stop this extinction, there is a debate whether it is sufficient to do for saving extinct languages or not. Some experts suggest that some positive trends have emerged in linguistic field which can alleviate the grave situation such as master-apprentices program and large-scale documental projects. However, many scientists assert that the measures are not enough to protect languages from losing, since the rate of this process is extremely high and negative attitudes towards local languages are intensive. Therefore, this essay will contend efforts that have been made to preserve languages are inadequate because of considerable amount of adverse aspects. There are some effective efforts have been made to save languages in the world. One of these efforts is master-apprentices program which has increased the survival of languages. In this program young people learn their own language by older generation who teach them traditional customs and craftsmanship. For example, in California Native Americans are trained basket weaving in their own native tongue, because of this method it is enough about 300 hours to begin to speak fluently (Knight, 2000). Similarly, another successful master-apprentices program has been developed by academic Leanne Hinton of Berkeley and has passed on the knowledge and skills of indigenous Native American languages to the youth. As a result, this incentive can provide to maintenance of 25 aboriginal languages in the US (Wayt-Gibbs, 2002). The next one of efficacious ways to preserve languages is documentation which has supported fieldwork and other activities relevant to recording, documenting and archiving endangered languages. In the recent years several potent foundations have been created in order to invest considerable amount of money for these purposes. According to Wayt-Gibbs(2002), the Volkswagen foundation has helped to establish a multimedia archive in the Netherland and collect data on dozen rare languages. Moreover, owing to the Lisbet Rausing Charitable Fund, in the UK linguists will probably manage to record and save about 100 minor languages (Wayt Gibbs, 2002). In fact, these immense documentation projections can be more beneficial for science rather than common people, since the preservation does not contribute using minority languages in the real life. To sum up, due to some constructive projects that have raised interest and investment to saving endangered languages, scientists hope to stop language extinction. However, there are an impressive number of pessimistic forecasts to further existence of linguistic variety in our planet. The greatest concern is caused by rate of dying minor languages especially in developed countries. Krauss, a linguistic professor at the University of Alaska, states that about 3 000 languages will have vanished by the end of the century. For example, only two of 20 languages known in Alaska have been learn by children (Wayt-Gibbs, 2002). Moreover, the Navajo tongue is also on the danger list because only elder people speak in this language (Knight, 2000). The similar process has occurred in Australia, where 20 of 70 Aboriginal languages were not spoken by all current generations (Wayt-Gibbs, 2002). Respectively, most scientists are concerned about the alarming situation and its development in the future. Nevertheless, common people, especially native speakers, often have inferior attitude towards their own language. This attitude is another cause of disappearing minor languages. Owing to learning a dominate language and forgetting own language, people hope to improve their standard of living and be equal to their surroundings. This case happened to some dialects in Scottish which have given way to common English language (Wayt-Gibbs, 2002). It is obvious that an individual does not understand why he or she has to save own language when it is not useful for everyday life. Thus, the world has lost its language diversity with the exponential rate, as indigenous communities have rejected using its own language in favor of global languages in order to have better opportunities for themselves and their children. Therefore, although some encouraging perspectives have recently appeared in linguistic fields to prevent minority languages from dying out, the process of language extinction is irreversible. Most of the evidence was presented above particularly from developed countries such as the US and Australia. Nonetheless, developing countries have also lost its indigenous languages. According to Wayt-Gibbs (2002), there are aboriginal languages in Brazil, Ivory Coast, East Timor which it is likely to be extinct in the next 100 years. How it can be seen from the examples, almost in all parts of the world there are disappearing languages and its number increase constantly. As for people who renounce their own languages in favor of a global language, they do it not always willingly, but under pressure of political and economical circumstances. In the past the US government constrained the Navajo to reject from their language (Knight, 2000). Moreover, for business it is not also profitable to contribute language diversity that prevents from economic globalization (Knight, 2000). For these reasons the fate of most local languages are sealed. While some optimists insist that it is possible to save losing languages because of master-apprentices program, Wayt-Gibbs (2002) states that this project is not widespread, mainly in the US. In addition to that, he claims that elder speakers tend to die before they pass on their knowledge to the youth. In regard to positive results of documentation undertaking, creation of language archives has encountered serious complication due to inconsistency of collected data and uncertainty with the period of archive‘s maintenance (Wayt-Gibbs, 2002). Even if to allow that linguists manage to collect and record all endangered languages, humanity would receive only an outline that could not revive real languages (Wayt-Gibbs, 2002). Thus, although attempts to save language variety are weak and separate, the world prefers to use several dominant languages. Perhaps, it is worth reflecting to native speakers which language they will choose in the future and they will not loss probably only their own language, but their own lifestyle and throughway. In conclusion, minor languages disappear extremely quickly throughout the world and most non-global language speakers consider their language as useless. Despite of some earnest attempts to transmit indigenous languages from elder people to new generation and save minor languages by means of its documentation, these projects are not sufficient to surviving these languages as the educational program has not spread widely and documentation has not manage to revitalize languages, only collect and record some of them. As a result, by the end of the century most minority languages will have vanished. Nowadays, the cost which people pay for vague prosperity and social safety seems no high, nevertheless, in the future they may realize that they lost not only their language and their identity. References: Knight, J 2000, ‘Lost for words’, New Scientist, 12 August, viewed 14 November 2007, < http:// www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg16722512.400&print=true >. Wayt-Gibbs, W 2002, ‘Saving Dying Languages’, Scientific American, August, p.p. 78-85.

Free Essays on Post Modernism

In recent years, multiculturalism, tolerance and political correctness have been integrated into how American society thinks. America seems to be trying to learn more about the ingredients of her melting pot. These efforts can be best understood by examining post-modernism. Post-modernism is especially important to breaking down stereotypes such as those that exist surrounding the black family. To understand post-modernism we must first understand modernism. Modernism is the philosophy that began with the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was an era when science and art flourished. European society used the Enlightenment to object to the oppression of the church. This era emphasized only those things that are observable or measurable (Smith, 1995). The scientific method developed at this time became the standard to which everything is measured. Modernism, although moving away from the confinements of religion, was limiting in its own way. Post-modernism can be viewed as an expansion of modernism. It does not limit the idea of truth to only that which can be observed. Post-modernism is all encompassing. Post-modernism does not allow for only one definition for anything. There are several explanations for phenomena. Where modernism emphasizes racial classifications, post-modernism emphasizes cultural and ethnic classifications. Post-modernism sanctions differences from family to family and person to person within the parameters of one culture. This multiculturalism is being used to educate from primary education through higher education. In Percival and Black’s study with sixth-graders and multiculturalism, they realized that, although they were examining a specific Native American tribe, stereotypes of that tribe or people can develop (Percival, 2000). For example, all African Americans from the South eat collard greens and corn bread. So, educating oneself about other cultures cannot be used to generalize to the entire g... Free Essays on Post Modernism Free Essays on Post Modernism In recent years, multiculturalism, tolerance and political correctness have been integrated into how American society thinks. America seems to be trying to learn more about the ingredients of her melting pot. These efforts can be best understood by examining post-modernism. Post-modernism is especially important to breaking down stereotypes such as those that exist surrounding the black family. To understand post-modernism we must first understand modernism. Modernism is the philosophy that began with the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was an era when science and art flourished. European society used the Enlightenment to object to the oppression of the church. This era emphasized only those things that are observable or measurable (Smith, 1995). The scientific method developed at this time became the standard to which everything is measured. Modernism, although moving away from the confinements of religion, was limiting in its own way. Post-modernism can be viewed as an expansion of modernism. It does not limit the idea of truth to only that which can be observed. Post-modernism is all encompassing. Post-modernism does not allow for only one definition for anything. There are several explanations for phenomena. Where modernism emphasizes racial classifications, post-modernism emphasizes cultural and ethnic classifications. Post-modernism sanctions differences from family to family and person to person within the parameters of one culture. This multiculturalism is being used to educate from primary education through higher education. In Percival and Black’s study with sixth-graders and multiculturalism, they realized that, although they were examining a specific Native American tribe, stereotypes of that tribe or people can develop (Percival, 2000). For example, all African Americans from the South eat collard greens and corn bread. So, educating oneself about other cultures cannot be used to generalize to the entire g...

Geography of the Worlds Sinkholes

Geography of the World's Sinkholes A sinkhole is a natural hole that forms in the Earths surface as a result of the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks like limestone, as well as salt beds or rocks that can be severely weathered as water runs through them. The type of landscape made up of these rocks is known as karst topography and is dominated by sinkholes, internal drainage, and caves. Sinkholes vary in size but can range anywhere from 3.3 to 980 feet (1 to 300 meters) in diameter and depth. They can also form gradually over time or suddenly without warning. Sinkholes can be found all over the world and recently large ones have opened in Guatemala, Florida, and China. Depending on location, sinkholes are sometimes also called sinks, shake holes, swallow holes, swallets, dolines, or cenotes.   Natural Sinkhole Formation The main causes of sinkholes are weathering and erosion. This happens through the gradual dissolve and removal of water absorbing rock like limestone as percolating water from the Earths surface moves through it. As the rock is removed, caves and open spaces develop underground. Once these open spaces become too large to support the weight of the land above them, the surface soil collapses, creating a sinkhole. Typically, naturally occurring sinkholes are most common in limestone rock and salt beds that are easily dissolved by moving water. Sinkholes are also not normally visible from the surface as the processes that cause them are underground but sometimes, however, extremely large sinkholes have been known to have streams or rivers flowing through them.   Human Induced Sinkholes In addition to natural erosion processes on karst landscapes, sinkholes can also be caused by human activities and land-use practices. Groundwater pumping, for example, can weaken the structure of the Earths surface above the aquifer where the water is being pumped and cause a sinkhole to develop.   Humans can also cause sinkholes to develop by changing water drainage patterns through diversion and industrial water storage ponds. In each of these instances, the weight of the Earths surface is changed with the addition of the water. In some cases, the supporting material under the new storage pond, for example, may collapse and create a sinkhole. Broken underground sewer and water pipes have also been known to cause sinkholes when the introduction of free-flowing  water into otherwise dry ground weakens soil stability.   Guatemala Sinkhole An extreme example of a human-induced sinkhole occurred in Guatemala in late May 2010 when a 60 foot (18 meters) wide and 300 foot (100 meters) deep hole opened in Guatemala City. It is believed that the sinkhole was caused after a sewer pipe burst after tropical storm Agatha caused a surge of water to enter the pipe. Once the sewer pipe burst, the free-flowing water carved out an underground cavity that eventually could not support the weight of the surface soil, causing it to collapse and destroy a three-story building. The Guatemala sinkhole was worsened because Guatemala City was built on land made up of hundreds of meters of a volcanic material called pumice. The pumice in the region was easily eroded because it was recently deposited and loose- otherwise known as unconsolidated rock. When the pipe burst the excess water was easily able to erode away the pumice and weaken the structure of the ground. In this case, the sinkhole should actually be known as a piping feature because it was not caused by entirely natural forces. Geography of Sinkholes As previously mentioned, naturally occurring sinkholes mainly form in karst landscapes but they can happen anywhere with a soluble subsurface rock. In the United States, this is mainly in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania but about 35-40% of the land in the U.S. has rock beneath the surface that is easily soluble with water. The Department of Environmental Protection in Florida, for example, has a focus on sinkholes and how to educate its residents on what to do should one open up on their property. Southern Italy has also experienced numerous sinkholes, as has China, Guatemala, and Mexico. In Mexico, sinkholes are known as cenotes and they are mainly found on the Yucatan Peninsula. Over time, some of these have filled with water and look like small lakes while others are large open depressions in the land. It should also be noted that sinkholes do not occur exclusively on land. Underwater sinkholes are common around the world and formed when sea levels were lower under the same processes as those on land. When sea levels rose at the end of the last glaciation, the sinkholes became submerged. The Great Blue Hole off the coast of Belize is an example of an underwater sinkhole.   Human Uses of Sinkholes Despite their destructive nature in human-developed areas, people have developed a number of uses for sinkholes. For example, for centuries these depressions have been used as disposal sites for waste. The Maya also used the cenotes on the Yucatan Peninsula as sacrificial sites and storage areas. In addition, tourism and cave diving is popular in many of the worlds largest sinkholes. References Than, Ker. (3 June 2010). Guatemala Sinkhole Created by Humans, Not Nature. National Geographic News. Retrieved from: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/06/100603-science-guatemala-sinkhole-2010-humans-caused/ United States Geological Survey. (29 March 2010). Sinkholes, from USGS Water Science for Schools. Retrieved from: http://water.usgs.gov/edu/sinkholes.html Wikipedia. (26 July 2010). Sinkhole - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole

A Rammstein Concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Rammstein Concert - Essay Example The concert was organized in Roy Wilkins Auditotium in plain air, and I remember we had bought tickets man days ago to be able to attend. Hundreds, not say thousand people were gathered, to attend something of modern German culture. I remember I rather had good surprise; nothing was unexpectedly in a bad way, and the concert was given at Roy Wilkins Auditorium. Then I had a seat for the whole time. The concert was generally as I had expected, but much more intensive and lively. So, it was the first 20th of June 2009, when I really got to know from close the modern German culture, by a band that had set up all electronic instruments perfectly: Guitars, drums etc, and they were all dressed in shiny leather costumes, that matched to the light on the stage and made them more ‘’bright’, and impressive in terms of appearance But when also they started playing, they gave the impression of true professionals, reproducing German culture in the best way possible. The lights on the stage had flash, and some tricks that enhanced the attention of the crowd more, by really enhancing the quality of the concert as a whole. It was a splendid concert that day: Exactly same scenery as one would expect, from a band of beginning of 21st century. Lovers of the past decades also, such as 60’s and 70’s, could equally get satisfied, since the whole atmosphere included something of that era indeed! There were too many people gathered over there, and the stadium was full. Same pictures as that time, thus many little children with their parents had joined, and also may adults, who wanted to experience something new and exceptional!. The team was wonderful, not just a live band but indeed an Alive band in all means. The singers were singing too lively... This "A Rammstein Concert" essay gives a full and bright review on one of the concerts of this band. It was a splendid concert that day: Exactly same scenery as one would expect, from a band of beginning of 21st century. Lovers of the past decades also, such as 60’s and 70’s, could equally get satisfied, since the whole atmosphere included something of that era indeed! There were too many people gathered over there, and the stadium was full. Same pictures as that time, thus many little children with their parents had joined, and also may adults, who wanted to experience something new and exceptional!. The team was wonderful, not just a live band but indeed an Alive band in all means. The singers were singing too lively and in a very good mood, as this kind of cheerful music requires. The whole band was in harmony, and managed to imitate many other well known teams of music of the last decade, or the last two decades! The band was well organized, giving out and offering t real German music, of quality! It was homophone in all terms; all members seemed to participate in equal terms thus make a perfect symphony, and coordination. When the singer sang on his own, it seemed that all the rest of members were singing also, while they were just playing. The public was enthusiastic! Little by little all people participated in their own way, and everybody, was paying too much attention, by looking constantly towards the band, although this kind of music does not require such thing, like theater and cinema.